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Volume I TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Chapter 1 Musculoskeletal Tests
Section
1.0 Apley Grinding Test
1.1 Arthrocentesis
1.2 Arthrography
1.3 Bone Age
1.4 Bone Biopsy (Needle)
1.5 Bone Densitometry
1.6 Bone Scan
1.6.1 Calcaneal Ultrasound
1.7 Cervical Spine (Plain X-ray)
1.8 Computerized Tomographic (CT) Scanning of Spine
1.9 Dejerine’s Sign
1.10 Drawer Sign (Anterior and Posterior)
1.11 Extremity Ultrasound
1.12 Facial Bones (X-ray)
1.13 Finkelstein Test
1.14 Flêch Sign
1.15 Gaenslen’s Test (Sign)
1.15.1 Kellgren-Lawrence Score
1.15.2 Ludington’s Test
1.16 Lumbosacral Spine (Plain X-ray)
1.17 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of Bone
1.18 McMurray’s Test
1.18.1 Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
1.19 Patrick’s Test (Fabere Test)
1.20 Phalen’s Sign
1.20.1 Piriformis Compression Test
1.21 Range of Motion (ROM) Tests
1.22 Schoeber Sign
1.23 Simmonds’ Test
1.24 Skeletal Survey
1.24.1 Spurling’s Test
1.25 Synovial Membrane Biopsy
1.25.1 Thomas Test
1.26 Tinel’s Sign
1.27 Trendelenburg’s Sign
Chapter 2 Special
Senses and Speech
Section
2.1 Acoustic Immittance Testing
2.2 Békésy Audiometry
2.3 Caloric Testing
2.4 Color Vision Testing
2.5 Electrocochleography (ECochG)
2.6 Electronystagmography (ENG)
2.7 Electrooculography (EOG)
2.8 Electroretinography (ERG)
2.9 Endothelial Photography
2.10 Exophthalmometry
2.11 Falling and Past-Pointing
2.12 Fluorescein Angiography (Angioscopy)
2.13 Keratometry and Keratoscopy
2.14 Laryngoscopy
2.15 Ocular Ultrasound
2.16 Ophthalmoscopy
2.17 Otoscopy
2.18 Perimetry
2.19 Positional Vertigo Test
2.20 Posturography
2.21 Pupillometry
2.22 Pure Tone Audiometry
2.23 Refraction
2.24 Rinne Tuning Fork Test
2.25 Shirmer’s Test
2.26 Slit Lamp Examination
2.27 Speech Audiometry
2.28 Strabismus Tests
2.29 Swinging Flashlight Test
2.30 Tonography
2.31 Tonometry
2.32 Transcorneal Transillumination
2.33 Visual Acuity Tests
2.34 Weber Tuning Fork Test
Chapter 3
Respiratory System Tests
Section
3.1 Arterial Blood Gas Study (ABGS), Exercise
3.2 Arterial Blood Gas Study (ABGS), Resting
3.2.1 BODE Index
3.3 Bronchial Challenge Test
3.4 Bronchography
3.5 Bronchoscopy
3.6 Carbon Dioxide Challenge Test
3.7 Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity (DLCO)
3.8 Cardiopulmonary Sleep Study
3.9 Chest X-ray (CXR)
3.10 Computerized Tomographic (CT) Scanning of the Chest
3.10.1 Exhaled Nitric Oxide
3.11 Fluoroscopy
3.12 Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
3.13 Lung Subdivisions
3.14 Mediastinoscopy
3.15 Mycobacterial (TB) Tests, Body Fluids
3.16 Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
3.17 Percutaneous Pleural Biopsy
3.18 Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Aspiration
3.19 Pulmonary Angiography
3.20 Pulmonary Ultrasonography
3.21 Pulse Oximetry
3.22 Spirometry
3.23 Sputum Collection
3.23.1 TREM-1
3.24 Thoracentesis
3.25 Thoracic Gas Volume (TGV)
3.26 Thoracoscopy
3.27 Thoracotomy
3.28 Ventilation-Perfusion (V-P) Lung Scans
Chapter 4
Cardiovascular Tests
Section
4.1 Abdominal Diameter Index (ADI)
4.2 Adenosine Stress Radionuclide Imaging
4.2.1 Adrenomedullin (ADM)
4.2.2 Albumin Cobalt Binding (ACB) Test
4.3 Allen Test
4.4 Aortic Ultrasound
4.5 Aortofemoral Contrast Angiography
4.5.1 Amyloid Alpha
4.6 Apex Cardiography (ACG, APC)
4.7 Arm Ergometry Stress Testing
4.8 Baroreflex Sensitivity (BRS)
4.9 Bicycle Ergometry/Supine Ergometry
4.10 Blood Lipids
4.11 Blood Pressure Measurement (Arm Cuff Method)
4.12 Cardiac Blood Pool Scan
4.13 Cardiac Catheterization
4.14 Cardiac Enzymes
4.15 Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography (Cardiac PET)
4.15.1 Cholesterol Skin Test
4.16 Cold Pressor Test, Cardiac Stress
4.17 Cold Stimulation Test for Raynaud’s Syndrome
4.17.1 Coronary Flow Reserve (by Doppler)
4.18 Dipyridamole Stress Echocardiography
4.19 Dipyridamole Stress Radionuclide Imaging
4.20 Dobutamine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Dobutamine MRI)
4.21 Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography (DSE)
4.22 Dobutamine Stress Radionuclide Imaging
4.22.1 Duke Treadmill Score (DTS)
4.23 Echocardiography
4.24 Electrocardiography (EKG, ECG), Resting
4.25 Electron Beam Computed Tomography (EBCT)
4.26 Electrophysiologic Studies (EPS)
4.27 Emotional Stress Testing
4.28 Endomyocardial Biopsy
4.29 Exercise Echocardiography
4.30 Head-Up Tilt-Table Testing (HUTTT)
4.30.1 Heart Transplant Breath Test
4.31 Holter Monitoring
4.31.1 Homocysteine
4.32 Impedance Plethysmography
4.32.1 Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF)
4.33 Magnetic Resonance Cardiac Scan
4.34 Magnetic Resonance Coronary Angiography
4.35 Magnetic Resonance Vascular Scan
4.35.1 Metabonomic Screening for Coronary Artery Disease
4.35.2 Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
4.36 Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography (MCE)
4.37 Myocardial Infarction Scan, Technetium
4.38 Myocardial Perfusion Stress Imaging
4.38.1 Neopterin Levels
4.39 Pacemaker Check
4.40 Pericardiocentesis
4.41 Peripheral Vascular Arterial Dopplers
4.42 Peripheral Vascular B-Mode Ultrasound
4.43 Peripheral Vascular Duplex Ultrasound
4.44 Peripheral Vascular Venous Dopplers
4.45 Perthes’ Test
4.46 Phonocardiography (PCG) and Pulse Tracings
4.46.1 Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A)
4.47 Radionuclide Angiography (RNA)
4.47.1 Reactive Hyperemia-Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (RH-PAT)
4.48 Seismocardiography (SCG), Exercise
4.48.1 Spiral Computerized Tomographic (CT) Scanning (Heart & Aorta)
4.49 ST Segment Depression/Heart Rate (ST/HR) Hysteresis
4.50 Systolic Time Intervals (STI)
4.51 Treadmill Stress Testing (TST, TMST)
4.52 Trendelenburg’s Test
4.53 Vectorcardiography (VCG)
4.54 Venography (Phlebography), Contrast
4.54.1 Venography (Phlebography), Computed Tomographic (CTV)
4.55 Venography (Phlebography),
125I
Fibrinogen Scanning
4.56 Venography (Phlebography), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
4.57 Venography (Phlebography), Radionuclide Imaging
4.58 Waist/Hip Ratio (WHR)
Chapter 5
Digestive System and Abdominal Tests
Section
5.1 Abdominal Ultrasound (Sonogram)
5.2 Anorectal Manometry (ARM)
5.3 Anoscopy
5.4 Barium Enema
5.5 Bernstein Test
5.6 Biliary Scan
5.7 Breath Hydrogen Analysis
5.8 Colonoscopy
5.9 Computerized Tomographic (CT) Scanning of Abdomen
5.10 D-Xylose Absorption Test
5.11 Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
5.12 Enteroclysis
5.13 Esophageal Manometry
5.14 Esophagography
5.15 Esophagus Acid Reflux Test, Prolonged Recording
5.16 Fecal Fat (Lipids)
5.17 Gastric Acid Stimulation Test
5.18 Gastric Emptying Scan
5.19 Gastric Saline Load Test
5.20 Gastroesophageal Reflux Scan
5.21 Gastrointestinal Bleed Localization Study
5.21.1 Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Ultrasonography (GEUS)
5.22 Gastrointestinal Series
5.23 Hollander Test
5.24 IV Secretin Gastrin Levels
5.25 Liver Biopsy
5.26 Liver and Spleen Scan
5.27 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of Abdomen
5.28 Meckel’s Diverticulum Scan
5.29 Obturator Sign
5.30 Occult Blood Test, Stool
5.31 Oral Cholecystography
5.32 Paracentesis
5.33 Percutaneous Splenoportography
5.34 Percutaneous Transhepatic Portal Venography
5.35 Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC)
5.36 Peritoneal Lavage
5.37 Plain X-ray of Abdomen
5.38 Psoas Sign
5.39 Rovsing’s Sign
5.40 Salivary Gland Scan
5.41 Schilling Test
5.42 Sialography
5.43 Sigmoidoscopy
5.44 Small Bowel Biopsy (SBB)
5.45 Standard Acid Reflux Test (SART)
5.46 Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
5.47 Urea Breath Test (UBT)
5.48 Urinary Trypsinogen-2
Chapter 6 Genito-Urinary
Tests
Section
6.1 Acid Load Test
6.2 Bladder Ultrasound
6.3 Contrast Cystourethrography
6.4 Creatinine Clearance
6.5 Cystometry
6.6 Cystourethroscopy
6.7 Kidney Biopsy
6.8 Nocturnal Penile Tumescence (NPT) Test
6.9 Papaverine Test
6.10 Penile Blood Flow
6.11 Percutaneous Antegrade Nephrostomography
6.12 Radionuclide Cystourethrography
6.13 Renal Arteriography
6.14 Renal Computed Tomography
6.15 Renal Scan
6.16 Renal Ultrasound
6.17 Renal Venography
6.18 Semen Analysis
6.19 Testicular Ultrasound
6.20 Urethral Sphincter Electromyography
6.21 Urinalysis (UA)
6.22 Urine Concentration and Dilution Tests
6.23 Urine Culture
6.24 Uroflowmetry
6.25 Urography
6.26 Whitaker Test
Chapter 7 Hemic and
Lymphatic Tests
Section
7.1 Activated Coagulation Time (ACT)
7.2 Antithrombin III Assay
7.3 Apt Test
7.4 Aspirin Tolerance Test
7.5 Bleeding Time
7.6 Blood Viscosity
7.7 Blood Volume
7.8 Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy
7.9 Bone Marrow Scan
7.10 Buffy Coat Smear
7.11 Capillary Fragility Test
7.12 Chromium51
Red Cell Survival Test
7.13 Coagulation Factor Assay
7.14 Complete Blood Count (CBC)
7.15 Diluted Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time
7.16 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
7.17 Fibrin Breakdown Products (FBP)
7.18 Ham Test
7.19 Hematocrit (Hct)
7.20 Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
7.21 Lymphangiography
7.22 Lymphoscintigraphy
7.23 Osmotic Fragility
7.24 Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
7.25 Plasma Hemoglobin
7.26 Platelet Adhesion Test
7.27 Platelet Aggregation Test
7.28 Platelet Count
7.29 Prothrombin Time (PT)
7.30 Red Cell Indices
7.31 Reticulocyte Count
7.32 Serum/Plasma Viscosity
7.33 Sickle Cell Test
7.34 Sugar Water Test
7.35 Thrombin Time (TT)
7.36 Total Hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb)
7.37 White Cell Count
Volume II table of
contents
Chapter 8 Skin Tests
Section
8.1 Acetowhitening
8.2 Auspitz’s Sign
8.3 Darier’s Sign
8.4 Dark-Field Examination
8.5 Diascopy
8.6 Fungal Skin Test
8.7 Intradermal Allergy Test
8.8 KOH Preparation
8.9 Nailfold Capillaroscopy
8.10 Patch Testing
8.11 Percutaneous Allergy Test
8.12 Skin Biopsy Immunofluorescence
8.13 Sweat Chloride Test
8.14 Tuberculosis Skin Test
8.15 Tzanck Smear
8.16 Wood’s Light Examination
Chapter 9 Endocrine and Obesity Tests
Section
9.1 Aldosterone
9.2 Androstenedione
9.3 Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
9.4 Body Mass Index (BMI)
9.4.1 B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
9.5 Calcitonin (CT)
9.6 Catecholamines
9.7 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation Test
9.8 Cortisol
9.9 Cosyntropin Test
9.10 C-Peptide
9.11 Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS)
9.12 Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST)
9.12.1Endothelin-1 (ET-1)
9.13 Erythropoietin (EPO)
9.14 Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)
9.15 Glucagon
9.16 Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
9.17 Glycated Hemoglobin (GHB)
9.18 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation Test
9.19 Growth Hormone Stimulation Tests
9.20 Growth Hormone Suppression Test
9.21 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS)
9.22 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP)
9.23 Insulin
9.24 Insulin Antibodies
9.25 Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
9.26 Islet Cell Antibodies
9.27 17-Ketosteroids (17-KS)
9.28 Metyrapone Test
9.29 Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
9.30 Pregnanetriol
9.31 Prolactin Stimulation Tests
9.32 Random Blood Glucose (RBG)
9.33 Renin
9.33.1Serotonin
9.34 Somatomedin-C (Sm-C)
9.35 Testosterone
9.36 Thyroglobulin (TG)
9.37 Thyroid Antibodies
9.38 Thyroid Metastatic Survey
9.39 Thyroid Scan
9.40 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
9.41 Thyroid Ultrasound
9.42 Thyroid Uptake
9.43 Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Test
9.44 Thyroxine (T4)
9.45 Thyroxine Binding Globulin (TBG)
9.46 Triiodothyronine (T3)
9.47 T3
Uptake
9.48 Two-Hour Postprandial Blood Glucose
9.49 Water Deprivation Test
9.50 Water Loading Test
Chapter 10
Obstetrics and Gynecology Tests
Section
10.1 Amniocentesis
10.2 Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
10.3 Clomiphene Stimulation Test
10.4 Colposcopy
10.5 Estrogens
10.6 Fetal Monitoring
10.7 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
10.8 Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
10.9 Hysterosalpingography
10.10 Pelvic Ultrasound
10.11 Pelvimetry
10.12 Peritoneoscopy
10.13 Progesterone
10.14 Transvaginal Ultrasound
10.15 Vaginal Smear
Chapter 11
Neurological Tests
Section
11.1 Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)
11.2 Blood Pressure Response to Standing
11.3 Brain Scan
11.4 Carotid Duplex Ultrasound
11.5 Cerebral Angiography
11.6 Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
11.7 Cold Pressor Test, Neurological
11.8 Computerized Tomographic (CT) Scanning of Central Nervous
System
11.9 Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs)
11.10 Echoencephalography
11.11 Edrophonium Test
11.12 Electroencephalography (EEG)
11.13 Electromyography (EMG), General
11.14 Electromyography, Single Fiber (EMG-SF)
11.15 Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Monitoring
11.16 Isometric Hand Grip
11.17 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of Brain
11.18 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of Spinal Cord and Spine
11.18.1 Magnetic Resonance Neurography
11.19 Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
11.20 Moro Reflex
11.21 Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs)
11.22 Myelography
11.23 Narcolepsy Sleep Study
11.24 Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)
11.25 Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) Testing
11.26 Oculocephalic Reflex
11.27 Oculoplethysmography (OPG)
11.28 Ophthalmodynamometry
11.29 Parachute Reflex
11.30 Periorbital Doppler
11.31 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) of Brain
11.31.1 P-Tau Protein
11.32 Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs)
11.33 Straight Leg Raising (SLR) Test
11.34 Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
11.35 Valsalva Maneuver
11.36 Visual Evoked Responses (VER)
Chapter 12 Immune
System, Serology and Related Tests
Section
12.1 ABO Blood Typing
12.2 Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies (AChR-Ab)
12.3 Adrenal Antibodies
12.4 Allergen Specific IgE Antibodies
12.5 Anticardiolipin Antibodies (ACA)
12.6 Antideoxyribonuclease B (Anti-DNase B) Test
12.7 Antiglobulin Tests
12.8 Antimitochondrial Antibodies (AMA)
12.9 Antineutrophil Antibodies
12.10 Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
12.11 Antismooth Muscle Antibodies
12.12 Antistreptolysin O Test (ASO Test)
12.13 Antistriated Muscle Antibodies
12.14 Cold Agglutinins
12.15 Complement Components
12.16 C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
12.17 Crossmatching
12.18 Cryoglobulins
12.19 Cysticercosis Antibodies
12.20 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Antibodies
12.20.1 ELISPOT T.B. Test
12.21 Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Antibodies
12.22 Fungal Antibodies
12.22.1 Fungal Galactomannan Antigen
12.23 Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Antibodies
12.24 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Antibodies
12.25 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Antigens
12.26 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Antibodies
12.27 Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) Antibodies
12.28 Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Antibodies
12.29 Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Antigen
12.30 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Tests
12.31 Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)
12.32 Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types I and II (HTLV-I/II)
Antibodies
12.33 Immunoglobulins
12.34 Infectious Mononucleosis Screening Test
12.35 Influenza A and B Antibodies
12.36 Intrinsic Factor Antibodies
12.37 LE Cell Test
12.38 Lyme Disease Antibodies
12.39 Mumps Antibodies
12.40 Parietal Cell Antibodies
12.41 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
12.41.1 Proteasome Assay
12.41.2 P53 Antibodies
12.42 Red Cell Antibody Identification
12.43 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Antibodies
12.44 Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
12.45 Rh Blood Typing
12.46 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Antibodies
12.47 Serum Immunoelectrophoresis (Serum IEF)
12.48 Serum Immunofixation Electrophoresis (Serum IFE)
12.49 Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE)
12.50 Syphilis Tests
12.51 Urine Immunoelectrophoresis (Urine IEP)
12.52 Urine Immunofixation Electrophoresis (Urine IFE)
12.53 Urine Protein Electrophoresis (UPE)
12.54 Weil-Felix Agglutinins
12.55 White Blood Cell Scan (WBC Scan)
Chapter 13 Cancer and Related Tests
Section
13.1 Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
13.2 Biopsy
13.3 Cancer Antigens
13.4 Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
13.5 Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
13.5.1 Electropotential Measurements for Breast Cancer
13.6 Estrogen Receptor (ER) Assay
13.6.1 Hair Analysis for Breast Cancer
13.6.2 Fecal DNA
13.6.3 Fluorescence Cystoscopy
13.7 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA)
13.8 Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP)
13.9 Mammography
13.9.1 Markers for GI vs Breast Cancer
13.10 Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE)
13.10.1 P150 Biologic Marker for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
13.11 Papanicolaou (PAP)
Test
13.11.1 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for Cancer
13.12 Progesterone Receptor (PR, PgR) Assay
13.12.1 Prostate Capromab Immunoscintigraphy
13.13 Prostate Acid Phosphatase (PAP)
13.14 Prostate Color Doppler
13.15 Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging
13.16 Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
13.17 Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)
13.17.1 Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-Beta-1 Levels
13.18 Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)
Appendices
Appendix 1 - Test Normal Values
Appendix 2 - Medical Abbreviations
Appendix 3 - Treadmill Stress Test Protocols
Appendix 4 - SSA’s Listing of Impairments
Index
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