Medical Evidence

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Table of Contents

PART I—A Clinical Atlas

   1   Anatomical Terminology  1

Position, Movement, and Location  2

Prefixes, Suffixes, and Abbreviations  11

   2   Organization of the Body  13

Cell  14

Types of Tissue  18

Organs and Systems  19

   3   Skeletal System  21

Skeletal Tissue  22

Axial Skeleton  28

Appendicular Skeleton  44

   4   Muscular System  63

Smooth Muscle  64

Striated Muscle  65

   5   Cardiovascular System  85

Heart  86

Blood Vessels  92

Blood Cells  96

Lymphatics and Lymphoid Tissue  97

   6   Respiratory System  99

Thorax and Pleural Cavities  100

Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi  102

Lungs  105

   7   Gastrointestinal System  107

Mouth and Tongue  108

Esophagus and Stomach  110

Abdominal Cavity  110

Small Intestine  111

Large Intestine  112

Blood Vessels, Lymphatics, and Nerves  114

Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas  118

   8   Female Reproductive System  121

Uterus, Uterine Tubes, and Ovaries  122

Vagina, External Genitals, and Perineum  125

Breasts  126

   9   Male Reproductive System  127

External Genitals: Penis, Scrotum, and Testicles  128

Internal Male Sexual Organs: Prostate and Seminal Vesicles  130

  10   Male and Female Urinary System  131

  11   Central Nervous System  137

Overview of the Nervous System  138

Brain  140

Spinal Cord  151

  12   Peripheral Nervous System  155

Cranial Nerves  156

Special Senses: Vision, Hearing, Olfaction, and Taste  166

Spinal Nerves  170

Autonomic Nervous System  183

  13   Endocrine System  187

Pituitary Gland  188

Thyroid Gland  190

Pancreas  191

Adrenal Glands  192

Testicles  193

Ovaries  194

  14   Integument  195

Skin Structure  197

Hair and Nails  197

Burn Injuries  198

15 Embryology—Development and Birth 201

 Fertilization, Implantation, and the Placenta  202

Embryo and Fetus  207

Birth  210

PART II—Personal Injury Cases

  16   Head and Neck  223

Case 1: Epidural Hematoma After Blunt Cranial Trauma  224

Case 2: Facial Laceration, Blunt Cervical Trauma, and Jaw Fracture  233

Case 3: Cervical Hyperflexion/Hyperextension (Whiplash)  241

Case 3A: Cervical Hyperextension/Hyperflexion Injury (Whiplash), Low Impact Collision  253

Case 4: Midface Fracture (Le Fort I) With Orbital and Dental Fractures  254.10

Case 5: Eye Injury Due to Penetration by Air Gun Pellet  263

Case 6: Brain Injury Due to Small Caliber Gunshot Wound  271

Case 7: Burst Fracture (Jefferson Fracture) of First Cervical Vertebra  280.1

Case 8: Fracture of Larynx and Hyoid Bone Following Auto Accident  280.11

Case 9: External Ear Injury  280.19

Case 10: Tongue Laceration  280.25

Case 11: Facial Laceration from Dog Attack  280.31

Case 12: Nasal Fracture  280.44

Case 13: Fracture of Central Incisors  280.53

Case 14: Myofascial Strain  280.60

Case 15: Cervical Spine Injury Playing Football Exacerbated by Removal of Helmet  280.67

Case 16: Radical Neck Dissection for Cancer Removal  280.77

  17   Limbs and Lower Spine  281

Case 1: Accidental Amputation of Upper Limb at Midforearm  282

Case 2: Brachial Plexus Injury Due to Bicycle Accident  289

Case 3: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome  298

Case 3A: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Personal Injury or Workers’ Compensation?  306.1

Case 4: Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation From Lifting  307

Case 4A: Low Back & Radiating Pain After MVA  322

Case 5: Degloving and Crushing Injury of the Lower Limb: A Railroad Accident  322.14

Case 6: Hip Fracture  334

Case 7: Patellar Tendon Disruption  344

Case 8: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture  350

Case 9: Multiple Leg Fractures: A Bicycle-Automobile Accident  358

Case 10: Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head in Child  364.1

Case 11: Compound Fracture of Humerus  364.12

Case 12: Avulsed Right Lateral Malleolus (Ankle)  364.26

Case 13: Comminuted Fracture of Calcaneus (Heel)  364.38

Case 14: Crushed Foot  364.50

Case 15: Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Following Rear End Collision  364.57

Case 16: Flexor Tendon Laceration – Medical Malpractice Case  364.70

Case 17: Anterior Shoulder Dislocation with Axillary Nerve Damage  364.79

Case 18: Torn Rotator Cuff  364.87

Case 19: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome  364.98

Case 20: Aggravation v. Acceleration  364.107

Case 21: Trigger Finger  364.114

Case 22: Compartment Syndrome  364.123

Case 23: De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis  364.137

Case 24: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome  364.147

Case 25: Supracondylar Fracture  364.159

Case 26: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Due to Neck Trauma  364.174

Case 27: Synovial Knee Plica  364.186

Case 28: Posterior Shoulder Dislocation  364.197

Case 29: Metatarsal Stress Fracture  364.209

  18   Thorax and Respiratory System  365

Case 1: Missed Diagnosis of Breast Cancer With Subsequent Pregnancy  366

Case 2: Death Due to Massive Chest Trauma  374

Case 3: Tracheal Laceration Due to Intubation in a Child  378

Case 4: Asbestos Exposure With Subsequent Asbestosis and Lung Cancer  388

Case 5: Pulmonary Embolism  394.1

Case 6: Crushing Injury of the Trachea and Bronchus  394.8

Case 7: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning  394.15

Case 8: Strangulation of Child by Automobile Power Window  394.21

  19   Abdomen and Pelvis  395

Case 1: Ruptured Spleen and Liver  396

Case 2: Ingestion of a Caustic Substance  402

Case 3: Abdominal Stab Wound  409

Case 4: Open Book Fracture of the Pelvis  416

Case 5: Delayed Laceration of Spleen Due to Slip and Fall Injury  424

Case 6: Pelvic Fracture and Open Bladder Injury Following Motorcycle/Vehicle Collision  424.8

Case 7: Failure and Revision of Bariatric (Weight Reduction) Surgery  424.16

Case 8: Gallbladder Removal (Cholecystectomy) With Complications  424.31

Case 9: Inguinal Hernia Repair Necessitated by Job-Related Lifting Injury  424.43

Case 10: Radical Prostatectomy With Resulting Urinary Incontinence and Impotence  424.59

  20   Integument  425

Case 1: Second- and Third-Degree Burns  426

  21   Reproductive System  437

Case 1: Brachial Plexus Injury During Delivery  438

Case 2: Failure of a Penile Prosthesis  448

Case 3: Vasectomy, With Complications  454

        Appendix 1: Glossary  455

        Appendix 2: “Must-Have” Elements of medical Report for Submission to Court  465

        Index  469


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Updated 12/12/07 
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