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Summary Table of Contents
Overview
Chapter
1 Argumentative Questions
Chapter 2 Best Evidence Rule
Chapter 3 Questions Calling for a Conclusion
Chapter 4 Questions That Assume Unproven Facts
Chapter 5 Hearsay Rule
Chapter 6 Irrelevant or Immaterial Questions
Chapter 7 Leading Questions
Chapter 8 Multiple Questions
Chapter 9 Privilege
Chapter 10 Repetitive Questions
Chapter 11 Speculative Questions
Chapter 12 Vague Questions
Chapter 13-19 [Reserved]
Chapter 20 Basics of Documentary Evidence
Chapter 21 Governmental Documents
Chapter 22 Private Sector Business Records
Chapter 23 Personal Documents
Chapter 24 Published Writings
Chapter 25 Legal Documents
Chapter 26-29 [Reserved]
Chapter 30 Basics of Real Evidence
Chapter 31 Physical Objects
Chapter 32 Samples
Chapter 33 People
Chapter 34 Animals
Chapter 35 Views
Chapter 36 On-Site Recordings
Chapter 37-39 [Reserved]
Chapter 40 Basics of Demonstrative Evidence
Chapter 41 Models
Chapter 42 Maps, Charts, Graphs and Diagrams
Chapter 43 Documents
Chapter 44 Photographs, Slides, Films and Videos
Chapter 45 Audiotapes
Chapter 46 Finger, Foot and Palm Prints
Chapter 47 Computer Generated Materials
Chapter 48 Live Demonstrations
Chapter 49 Internal Pictures
Appendix A
Table of Cases
Index
Table of Contents
Overview
Part I - Testimonial Evidence
Chapter 1
Argumentative Questions
§1.100
Introduction
§1.200 Quick Explanation
§1.300 General Legal Analysis
§1.400 Selected State Rules and Cases
Chapter 2 Best
Evidence Rule
§2.100
Introduction
§2.200 Quick Explanation
§2.300 General Legal Analysis
§2.400 Parol Evidence Rule
§2.500 Interaction With Hearsay Rule
§2.600 Selected State Rules and Cases
Chapter 3
Questions Calling for a Conclusion
§3.100
Introduction
§3.200 Quick Explanation
§3.300 Legal Analysis for Non-Expert Witnesses
§3.400 Legal Analysis for Expert Witnesses
§3.500 Foundations
§3.600 Calling Another Witness a Liar
§3.700 Selected State Rules and Cases
Chapter 4
Questions That Assume Unproven Facts
§4.100
Introduction
§4.200 Quick Explanation
§4.300 General Legal Analysis
§4.400 Timeliness
§4.500 Differential Diagnosis
§4.501 Examiner Suspects Truth of Assumed Facts
§4.502 Assumed Facts Totally Lacking
§4.503 Hypothetical Questions for Expert Witnesses
§4.600 Selected State Rules and Cases
Chapter 5
Hearsay Rule
§5.100
Introduction
§5.200 Quick Explanation
§5.300 General Legal Analysis
§5.400 Hearsay Exceptions
§5.401 Former Testimony
§5.401.1 State Application
§5.402 Past Recollection Recorded
§5.402.1 State Application
§5.403 Declarations Against Interest
§5.403.1 State Application
§5.404 Admissions
§5.404.1 State Application
§5.405 Prior Inconsistent Statements
§5.405.1 State Application
§5.406 Statements of Mental or Physical Condition
§5.406.1 State Application
§5.407 Dying Declarations
§5.407.1 State Application
§5.408 Spontaneous or Contemporaneous Declarations
§5.408.1 State Application
§5.409 Statements of Reputation
§5.409.1 State Application
§5.410 Business Records and Other Documents
§5.410.1 State Application
§5.411 Federal Catch-All
§5.411.1 State Application
Chapter 6
Irrelevant or Immaterial Questions
§6.100
Introduction
§6.200 Quick Explanation
§6.300 General Legal Analysis
§6.400 Problems Pertaining to Criminal Cases
§6.500 Problems Pertaining to Civil Cases
§6.600 Detecting Irrelevancy
§6.700 Relevancy/Irrelevancy as a Matter of Law
§6.701 Character Evidence
§6.702 Habit Evidence
§6.703 Subsequent Remedial Measures
§6.704 Evidence of Offer of Compromise
§6.705 Payment of Medical Bills
§6.706 Evidence of Pleas
§6.707 Liability Insurance Exclusion
§6.708 Sex Crimes
§6.800 Selected State Rules and Cases
Chapter 7
Leading Questions
§7.100
Introduction
§7.200 Quick Explanation
§7.300 General Legal Analysis
§7.400 Selected State Rules and Cases
Chapter 8
Multiple Questions
§8.100
Introduction
§8.200 Quick Explanation
§8.300 General Legal Analysis
§8.400 Questions Calling for a Narrative
§8.500 Selected State Rules and Cases
Chapter 9
Privilege
§9.100
Introduction
§9.200 Quick Explanation
§9.300 General Legal Analysis
§9.400 State Rules
§9.500 The Privileges Individually Considered
§9.501 Lawyer - Client Privilege
§9.501.1 State Application
§9.501(a) Paralegal Privilege
§9.502 The Work Product Doctrine
§9.503 Doctor - Patient Privilege
§9.503.1 State Application
§9.504 Therapist - Patient Privilege
§9.504.1 State Application
§9.505 Accountant - Client Privilege
§9.505.1 State Application
§9.506 Clergyman - Penitent Privilege
§9.506.1 State Application
§9.507 Husband - Wife Privilege
§9.507.1 State Application
§9.508 Parent - Child Privilege
§9.508.1 State Application
§9.509 Informant - Police Privilege
§9.509.1 State Application
§9.510 Journalist - News Source Privilege
§9.510.1 State Application
§9.511 Confidential Institutional Communications
§9.511.1 State Application
§9.512 Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
§9.512.1 State Application
§9.513 Self-Critical Analysis Privilege
Chapter 10
Repetitive Questions
§10.100
Introduction
§10.200 Quick Explanation
§10.300 General Legal Analysis
§10.400 Questions That Are Cumulative or Waste Time
§10.500 Selected State Rules and Cases
Chapter 11
Speculative Questions
§11.100
Introduction
§11.200 Quick Explanation
§11.300 General Legal Analysis
§11.400 Lay Witnesses
§11.500 Experts and Existing Forms of Evidence
§11.600 Experts and New Forms of Evidence
§11.601 Frye Rule
§11.602 Fed. R. Evid. 702
§11.603 Daubert v. Dow - 1993
§11.604 Kumho v. Carmichael - 1999 Landmark
§11.605 Amendment to Rule 702
§11.700 Selected State Rules and Cases
Chapter 12
Vague Questions
§12.100
Introduction
§12.200 Quick Explanation
§12.300 General Legal Analysis
§12.400 Selected State Rules and Cases
Chapters 13-19
Reserved for Supplementation
Part II - Documentary Evidence
Chapter 20
Basics of Documentary Evidence
§20.100
Introduction
§20.200 Best Evidence Rule
§20.300 Parol Evidence Rule
§20.400 Completeness Rule
§20.500 Hearsay Rule
§20.501 Multiple Hearsay
§20.600 Remaining Chapters in This Part
§20.700 Generic Foundation for Admissibility of Documents
Chapter 21
Governmental Documents
§21.100
Introduction
§21.200 Basic Foundation for Governmental Documents
§21.300 Opposition Checklist
§21.400 Specific Documents
§21.401 Accident Reports
§21.401(a) Aircraft Accident Reports
§21.401(b) Automobile Accident Reports
§21.401(c) Consumer Products Accident Reports
§21.401(d) Environmental Reports
§21.402 Automotive and Vehicular Records
§21.403 Autopsy Reports
§21.404 Birth Certificates
§21.404(a) Marriage Certificate
§21.405 Booklets
§21.406 Breathalyzer Maintenance Records
§21.407 Citations and Traffic Tickets
§21.408 Codes
§21.409 Death Certificates
§21.410 DNA Matching Test Results
§21.411 E-Mail
§21.412 Foreign Public Documents
§21.413 Investigative Reports
§21.413(a) Internal Investigative Reports
§21.413(b) Investigator’s Interview Notes
§21.414 Lie Detector Results
§21.415 Maps
§21.416 Medical Reports and Findings
§21.417 MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Test Results
§21.418 Pamphlets
§21.419 Polygraph Test Results
§21.420 Reprimands
§21.421 Safety Standards and Codes
§21.422 Scientific Reports
§21.423 Thermographic Test Results
§21.424 Traffic Tickets
§21.425 Weather Reports
§21.426 Administrative Agency Reports and Orders
§21.427 Incarceration Records
§21.428 IRS Certificates of Assessment
§21.429 Summaries
§21.430 Foreign Official Documents
Chapter 22
Private Sector Business Records
§22.100
Introduction
§22.200 Basic Foundation for Business Records
§22.300 Opposition Checklist
§22.400 Specific Records
§22.401 Accident Reports
§22.402 Appraisals
§22.403 Bills and Statements of Account
§22.403(a) Bills of Lading
§22.403(b) Charge Slips
§22.403(c) Bills of Sale
§22.403(d) Invoices
§22.403(e) Statements of Benefits or Contributions
§22.403(f) Financial Statements and Records
§22.404 Business Records, In General
§22.404(a) Business Logs
§22.404(b) Suspension Orders
§22.405 Canceled Checks
§22.406 Computer Generated Documents
§22.407 Consumer Complaints
§22.408 Corporate Memos
§22.408(a) Corporate Minutes
§22.409 Customer Lists
§22.410 DNA Matching Test Results
§22.411 E-Mail
§22.412 Employment Records
§22.412(a) Payroll Scales
§22.412(b) Time Cards
§22.413 Garbage
§22.414 Industry or Trade Standards
§22.415 Insurance Records
§22.416 Letters
§22.416(a) Service Bulletins, Warnings and Notices to Customers
§22.416(b) Settlement Letters
§22.417 Lie Detector Results
§22.418 Manufacturer Specification Booklets
§22.419 Maps
§22.420 Medical and Hospital Records
§22.420(a) Doctors’ Notations
§22.420(b) Nursing Home Records
§22.420(c) Physicians’ Letters
§22.421 Medical Bills
§22.422 Mortgage Applications
§22.423 MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Test Results
§22.424 Polygraph Test Results
§22.425 Reports, In General
§22.425(a) Personnel Records
§22.425(b) Engineering Reports
§22.426 Sales Agreements/Contracts
§22.427 Scientific Reports
§22.427(a) Experts’ Reports
§22.428 Summaries
§22.429 Telephone Bills
§22.430 Thermographic Test Results
§22.431 Toxicology and Safety Tests
§22.432 Trade Secrets
§22.433 Vote Buying Account Records
Chapter 23
Personal Documents
§23.100
Introduction
§23.200 Foundations
§23.300 Opposition
§23.400 Specific Documents
§23.401 Ancient Writings
§23.402 Bible Entries
§23.402(a) Budgets
§23.403 Complaint Letters
§23.404 Diary Entries
§23.405 E-Mail
§23.406 Garbage
§23.407 Insurance Policies
§23.408 Letters
§23.408(a) Anonymous Letters
§23.409 Personal Memos and Notes
§23.409(a) Personal Tax Returns
§23.410 Postal Certificates of Mailing
§23.411 Promissory Notes
§23.412 Surveys and Questionnaires
§23.413 Telephone Bills
§23.414 Tombstone Epitaphs
§23.415 Spontaneous Written Declarations
Chapter 24
Published Writings
§24.100
Introduction
§24.200 Specific Writings
§24.200(a) Advertisements and Brochures
§24.201 Bibles
§24.201(a) Religious Writings
§24.202 Learned Treatises
§24.202(a) Dictionaries
§24.202(b) Handbooks
§24.203 Magazine and Newspaper Articles
§24.204 Market Reports
§24.205 Medical Articles
§24.206 Medical Textbooks
§24.206(a) Mortality Tables
§24.206(b) The Physician’s Desk Reference
§24.207 Newspaper Articles
§24.208 Weather Reports
Chapter 25
Legal Documents
§25.100
Introduction
§25.200 Specific Documents
§25.201 Affidavits
§25.202 Ancient Writings
§25.203 Answers to Interrogatories
§25.204 Assignment of Interest in Property
§25.205 Briefs
§25.206 Contracts
§25.207 Deposition Transcripts
§25.208 Former Testimony
§25.209 Pleadings Generally
§25.210 Prior Expert Witness Testimony
§25.210(a) Report of Expert
§25.211 Witness Statements
§25.212 Promissory Notes
§25.213 Judgments
§25.214 Letters
§25.215 Inventory (Verified)
§25.216 Deeds
Chapters 26-29
Reserved for Supplementation
Part III - Real Evidence
Chapter 30
Basics of Real Evidence
§30.100
Introduction
§30.200 Admissibility in General
§30.300 Care and Handling
Chapter 31
Physical Objects
§31.100
Introduction
§31.200 Admissibility
§31.300 Foundation Requirements
§31.400 Opposition
§31.401 Checklist: Real Object Attack
Chapter 32
Samples
§32.100
Introduction
§32.200 Admissibility
§32.300 Foundation Requirements (Type 1)
§32.400 Foundation Requirements (Type 2)
§32.500 Checklist: Sample Attack
Chapter 33 People
§33.100 Introduction
§33.200 Admissibility
§33.201 Limbs and Other Portions of the Body
§33.202 Blood, Hair, Tissue and DNA Samples
§33.300 Foundation Requirements
§33.400 Opposition
Chapter 34
Animals
§34.100
Introduction
§34.200 Admissibility
§34.300 Foundation Requirements
Chapter 35
Views
§35.100
Introduction
§35.200 Admissibility
§35.300 Foundation Requirements
§35.400 Checklist: View Opposition
§35.500 Counter-Argument
Chapter 36
On-Site Recordings
§36.100
Introduction
§36.200 Definition
§36.201 Distinguishing Demonstrative Recordings (Three-Part Test)
§36.202 Types of On-Site Recordings
§36.300 Admissibility
§36.301 Surveillance Cameras
§36.302 Manual Videotape Cameras
§36.303 Audiotaped Sounds and Conversations
§36.304 Transportation Devices
§36.305 Recorded Electromagnetic Transmissions
§36.400 Sample Generic Foundation
Chapters 37-39
Reserved for Supplementation
Part IV - Demonstrative Evidence
Chapter 40
Basics of Demonstrative Evidence
§40.100
Introduction
§40.200 Skeletal Foundation—Formal Admissibility
§40.300 Skeletal Foundation—Use for Demonstrative Purposes Only
§40.400 Summary of Key Buzzwords
§40.500 Checklist: Opposition
§40.600 New Forms of Demonstrative Evidence
Chapter 41
Models
§41.100
Introduction
§41.200 Foundation Requirements
§41.201 Sample Foundation for Models
§41.300 Use for Demonstrative Purposes Only
§41.400 Opposition
Chapter 42
Maps, Charts, Graphs and Diagrams
§42.100
Introduction
§42.200 Maps
§42.201 Sample Foundation for Maps
§42.202 Checklist: Opposition
§42.300 Charts, Graphs and Diagrams
§42.301 Foundations for Charts, Graphs and Diagrams
§42.302 Sample Foundation for Charts, Graphs and Diagrams
§42.303 Use for Demonstrative Purposes Only
§42.400 Opposition
Chapter 43
Documents
§43.100
Introduction
§43.200 Foundation Requirements
Chapter 44
Photographs, Slides, Films and Videos
§44.100
Introduction
§44.200 Major Types of Photographic Evidence
§44.300 Photographs and Slides
§44.301 Foundation Requirements
§44.302 Sample Foundations for Slides and Photographs
§44.400 Films and Videotapes
§44.401 Sample Foundation for Videotapes or Films
§44.500 Day-in-the-Life Videos
§44.600 General Opposition to Photographic Evidence
Chapter 45
Audiotapes
§45.100
Introduction
§45.200 Foundation Requirements
§45.201 Sample Foundation for Audiotapes
§45.300 Checklist: Opposition
Chapter 46
Finger, Foot, and Palm Prints
§46.100
Introduction
§46.200 Foundation Requirements
§46.201 Sample Foundation for Fingerprints
Chapter 47
Computer-Generated Materials
§47.100
Introduction
§47.200 Computer-Stored Records
§47.300 Computer-Generated Statistics
§47.400 Computer-Generated Simulations
§47.401 Sample Foundation for Simulations
§47.500 Computer-Generated Reconstructions
§47.501 Sample Foundation for Reconstructions
§47.600 Computer-Generated Animation and Graphics
§47.700 Opposition
Chapter 48
Live Demonstrations
§48.100
Introduction
§48.200 Foundation Requirements
§48.201 Admission Checklist
§48.202 Sample Foundation for Demonstrations
§48.300 Opposition
Chapter 49
Internal Pictures
§49.100
Introduction
§49.200 Foundation Requirements
§49.201 Sample Foundation (By Custodian of Records)
§49.300 Opposition
Appendix A
Responding to Objections at a Glance
§A.100
Introduction
§A.200 Objections as to Form
§A.201 Objection! The Question Is Argumentative
§A.202 Objection! Calls for a Conclusion
§A.203 Objection! The Question Is Leading
§A.204 Objection! The Question Is Multiple (or Compound)
§A.205 Objection! The Question Is Repetitive
§A.206 Objection! The Question Is Vague
§A.300 Objections as to Substance
§A.301 Objection! Best Evidence
§A.302 Objection! Parole Evidence
§A.303 Objection! The Question Assumes Facts Not in Evidence
§A.304 Objection! Hearsay
§A.305 Objection! Irrelevant
§A.306 Objection! Privilege
§A.307 Objection! Speculative
§A.400 Foolish Objections
§A.401 Objection! The Question Is Prejudicial
§A.402 (On Cross-Examination) Objection! The Question Is Leading
§A.403 Objection! The Document Speaks for Itself
§A.404 Objection! The Evidence Is Self-Serving
Table of Cases
Index
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