I.  Principles
     §2:10  Nature of Judicial Notice
     §2:20  Mandatory Judicial Notice [Fla. Stat. §90.201]
     §2:30  Permitted Judicial Notice [Fla. Stat. §90.202]
II.  Objections
     §2:40  Action on Request to Take Judicial Notice [Fla. Stat. §90.203]
     §2:50  Failure to Give Required Hearing [Fla. Stat. §90.204]
     §2:60  Instruction to Jury [Fla. Stat. §90.206]

I.  Principles
A.  General Points
     §3:10  Qualifications for Jurors
     §3:20  Disqualification
     §3:30  Summoning, Selecting and Punishing Jurors
     §3:40  Number of Jurors
     §3:50  Jury Questionnaires
     §3:60  Protecting Jurors
B.  Examining the Panel
     §3:70  Right to Voir Dire
     §3:80  Purpose of Voir Dire
     §3:90  Presence of Judge and Defendant
     §3:100  Role of Trial Judge
     §3:110  Permissible Topics
     §3:120  Limits Judge May Impose
     §3:130  Individual Voir Dire
     §3:140  Time Limits
     §3:150  Selecting Multiple Juries From One Panel
C.  Challenges
     §3:160  Challenge to Panel in Criminal Case
     §3:170  Challenge for Cause in Criminal Case
     §3:180  Challenge for Cause in Civil Case
     §3:190  Peremptory Challenges
     §3:200  Exercising Challenges
     §3:210  Preserving Objection to Denial of Challenge
D.  Opening Statement
     §3:220  Purpose
     §3:230  Right to Make Statement
     §3:240  Time Allowed
     §3:250  Who Opens First
     §3:260  Remedies for Misconduct
     §3:270  Motion for Directed Verdict After Opening
     §3:280  Using Demonstrative Evidence
II.  Objections
A.  Jury Selection
     §3:290  Arguing Facts of Case
     §3:300  Legal Matters
     §3:310  Repetitiveness
     §3:320  Hypothetical Questions
     §3:330  Discriminatory Use of Peremptory Challenges (Melbourne Test)
B.  Opening Statement
     §3:340  Arguing Case
     §3:350  Inadmissible or Erroneous Matter
     §3:360  Personal Attacks; Injection of Self; Inflammatory Statements

I.  Principles
A.  Evidence Code
1.  General Points
     §4:10  Definition of Relevant Evidence
     §4:20  Admissibility
     §4:30  Limited Admissibility
     §4:40  Exclusion of Unfairly Prejudicial Evidence
2.  Character and Habit
     §4:50  Character Evidence
     §4:60  Character Evidence in Criminal Case to Show Action in Conformity
     §4:70  Other Acts Offered to Prove Character
     §4:80  Character Evidence to Impeach Witnesses
     §4:90  Methods of Proving Character
     §4:100  Routine Practice, Habit, and Custom
3.  Other Public Policy Exclusions
     §4:110  Subsequent Remedial Measures
     §4:120  Compromises and Offers to Compromise
     §4:130  Offer to Pay Medical Expenses; Benevolent Gestures
     §4:140  Guilty Plea; Nolo Contendere Plea; Offer to Plead
B.  Non-Code Relevance Issues
     §4:150  Insurance and Collateral Sources of Compensation
     §4:160  Party’s Wealth or Financial Status
     §4:170  Defendant’s Knowledge of Similar Accident or Absence of Accidents
     §4:180  Landlord’s Knowledge of Past Crimes Against Tenants
II.  Objections
     §4:190  Irrelevant Evidence [Fla. Stat. §90.401]
     §4:200  Benevolent Gesture [Fla. Stat. §90.4026]
     §4:210  Prejudicial, Confusing, Misleading, or Cumulative [Fla. Stat. §90.403]
     §4:220  Inadmissible Character or Other-Act Evidence [Fla. Stat. §90.404]
     §4:230  Impermissible Method of Proving Character [Fla. Stat. §90.405]
     §4:240  Routine Practice [Fla. Stat. §90.406]
     §4:250  Subsequent Remedial Measures [Fla. Stat. §90.407]
     §4:260  Compromise or Offer to Compromise [Fla. Stat. §90.408]
     §4:270  Payment of Medical Expenses [Fla. Stat. §90.409]
     §4:280  Pleas in Criminal Cases [Fla. Stat. §90.410]
     §4:290  Liability Insurance
     §4:300  Past Accidents
     §4:310  Financial and Personal Circumstances

I.  Principles
A.  Nature and Application of Privileges
     §5:10  General Rules on Privileges
     §5:20  Sources of Privileges
     §5:30  When Privileges Are Not Applicable
B.  Practice
     §5:40  Assertion of Privilege
     §5:50  Waiver of Privilege [Fla. Stat. §90.507]
     §5:60  Prejudicial Loss of Privilege [Fla. Stat. §90.508]
     §5:70  Sanction for Abuse of Privilege [Fla. Stat. §90.510]
     §5:80  Trial Procedures
II.  Objections
A.  Evidence Code Privileges
     §5:90  Journalist’s Privilege—Information Obtained in News-Gathering [Fla. Stat. §90.5015]
     §5:100  Lawyer-Client Privilege [Fla. Stat. §90.502]
     §5:110  Psychotherapist-Patient Privilege [Fla. Stat. §90.503]
     §5:120  Sexual Assault Counselor-Victim Privilege [Fla. Stat. §90.5035]
     §5:130  Domestic Violence Advocate-Victim Privilege [Fla. Stat. §90.5036]
     §5:140  Husband-Wife Privilege [Fla. Stat. §90.504]
     §5:150  Privilege for Communication to Clergy [Fla. Stat. §90.505]
     §5:160  Accountant-Client Privilege [Fla. Stat. §§90.5055, 473.316]
     §5:170  Privilege With Respect to Trade Secrets [Fla. Stat. §90.506]
     §5:180  Privileged Communication Inadmissible—Disclosed Erroneously or Without Opportunity to Claim Privilege [Fla. Stat. §90.508]
B.  Other Statutory Privileges
     §5:190  Communications in Mediation Proceedings [Fla. Stat. §44.405]
     §5:200  Vehicle or Boat Accident Report [Fla. Stat. §§316.066(4), 327.301(4)]
     §5:210  Doctor-Patient and Hospital Records [Fla. Stat. §§394.4615, 395.0197(4),
                 395.3025(4), 456.057(5)]
     §5:220  Pre-Suit Investigation Materials in Medical Malpractice Case [Fla. Stat. §766.205(4)]

I.  Principles
A.  Statutory Standards
     §6A:10  General Rule of Competence [Fla. Stat. §90.601]
     §6A:20  Interested Persons—Deadperson’s Statute REPEALED
     §6A:30  Disqualification of Children and Mentally Ill
     §6A:40  Lack of Personal Knowledge
     §6A:50  Oath or Affirmation of Witness
     §6A:60  Interpreters and Translators [Fla. Stat. §§90.606, 90.6063]
     §6A:70  Judges and Jurors [Fla. Stat. §90.607]
B.  Determination of Competence
     §6A:80  Raising and Determining Competence
     §6A:90  Preliminary Hearing
     §6A:100  Effect of Competence Determination
     §6A:110  Impeachment Distinguished
     §6A:120  Physical Impairment or Inability to Speak English Distinguished
     §6A:130  Witness as Exhibit Distinguished
II.  Objections
     §6A:140  Deadperson’s Statute Bars Testimony [Fla. Stat. §90.602]
     §6A:150  Child Unable to Communicate or Understand Need to Tell Truth [Fla. Stat. §90.603]
     §6A:160  Mental Incompetent Unable to Communicate or Understand Need to Tell Truth
                   [Fla. Stat. §90.603]
     §6A:170  Lack of Personal Knowledge [Fla. Stat. §90.604]
     §6A:180  Oath or Affirmation Not Properly Given [Fla. Stat. §90.605]
     §6A:190  Attorney of Record Cannot Testify
     §6A:200  Witness Is or Was Intoxicated
     §6A:210  Memory Refreshed by Hypnosis

I.  Principles
A.  Direct Examination and Cross-Examination
     §6B:10  Judge’s Duty to Control Examination [Fla. Stat. §90.612]
     §6B:20  Direct Examination
     §6B:30  Cross-Examination
     §6B:40  Refreshing Witness’s Memory [Fla. Stat. §90.613]
     §6B:50  Re-Examination and Rebuttal
     §6B:60  Witness Called or Examined by Court [Fla. Stat. §90.615]
     §6B:70  Exclusion of Witnesses [Fla. Stat. §90.616]
     §6B:80  Written Questions by Jurors [Fla. Stat. §40.50(3),(4)]
B.  Impeachment and Rehabilitation
     §6B:90  Impeachment [Fla. Stat. §90.608]
     §6B:100  Impeachment—Prior Inconsistent Statement [Fla. Stat. §§90.608(1), 90.614]
     §6B:110  Impeachment—Bias [Fla. Stat. §90.608(2)]
     §6B:120  Impeachment—Untruthful Character of Witness [Fla. Stat. §§90.608(3), 90.609]
     §6B:130  Impeachment—Conviction of Crime [Fla. Stat. §§90.608(3), 90.610]
     §6B:140  Impeachment—Defective Capacity, Ability, or Opportunity [Fla. Stat. §90.608(4)]
     §6B:150  Impeachment—Contradiction [Fla. Stat. §90.608(5)]
     §6B:160  Inadmissibility of Religious Beliefs or Opinions [Fla. Stat. §90.611]
     §6B:170  Rehabilitation
II.  Objections
A.  Defective Questions
     §6B:180  Ambiguous, Confusing, Vague or Unintelligible
     §6B:190  Asked and Answered; Repetitive Questions
     §6B:200  Assumes Fact Not in Evidence
     §6B:210  Compound or Multiple Question
     §6B:220  Cumulative Evidence
     §6B:230  Legal Conclusion
     §6B:240  Speculative
B.  Improper Direct Examination
     §6B:250  Leading Questions
     §6B:260  Narrative Response
     §6B:270  Bolstering and Attacking Credibility
     §6B:280  Impeachment as Primary Reason for Calling Witness
     §6B:290  Inference Upon Inference
C.  Improper Cross-Examination
     §6B:300  Beyond Scope of Direct
     §6B:310  Argumentative
     §6B:320  Harassing
D.  Improper Impeachment
     §6B:330  Prior Statement Not Inconsistent
     §6B:340  Premature Evidence of Truthful or Untruthful Character
     §6B:350  Criminal Conviction Too Remote
     §6B:360  Nature of Prior Convictions
     §6B:370  Misdemeanor Conviction Not Related to Dishonesty or False Statement
     §6B:380  Collateral Matter
     §6B:390  Lack of Good-Faith Belief in Facts
     §6B:400  Witness Intimidation
     §6B:410  General Improper Impeachment

I.  Principles
A.  Opinion Evidence Generally
     §7:10  Preliminary Matters [Fla. Stat. §90.105]
     §7:20  Opinion on Ultimate Issue [Fla. Stat. §90.703]
B.  Expert Witness’s Opinion
     §7:30  Requirements for Testimony by Expert [Fla. Stat. §90.702]
     §7:40  Subjects of Expert Testimony
     §7:50  Qualification of Witness as Expert
     §7:60  Basis of Expert’s Opinion Testimony [Fla. Stat. §90.704]
     §7:70  Voir Dire on Facts Supporting Opinion [Fla. Stat. §90.705]
C.  Impeachment of Expert
     §7:80  Cross-Examination of Expert
     §7:90  Authoritativeness of Literature for Use in Cross-Examination [Fla. Stat. §90.706]
     §7:100  Discovery for Impeachment of Expert [Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.280(b)(4)]
D.  Scientific Evidence
     §7:110  “General Acceptance” Test for Scientific Evidence (Frye Test)
II.  Objections
A.  Improper Opinion Evidence Generally
     §7:120  Opinion Testimony of Lay Witness [Fla. Stat. §90.701]
     §7:130  Improper Opinion on Ultimate Issue
B.  Examination of Expert
     §7:140  Expert Testimony Is Unnecessary or Improper
     §7:150  Expert Witness Not Disclosed in Discovery or Pre-Trial Catalog
     §7:160  Witness Is Not Qualified as Expert
     §7:170  Court May Not Declare Witness Is “Expert”
     §7:180  No Foundation for Expert Testimony
     §7:190  Improper Hypothetical Question
     §7:200  Opinion Is Speculative
     §7:210  Testimony Substantially Departs From Expert’s Report or Deposition
C.  Use of Scientific Evidence
     §7:220  Testimony Does Not Meet Frye Test

I.  Principles
A.  Hearsay Rule
     §8:10  General Inadmissibility of Hearsay [Fla. Stat. §90.802]
     §8:20  Hearsay Defined [Fla. Stat. §90.801(1)]
     §8:30  Conduct Intended to Be Assertive
B.  Statements Not Subject to Hearsay Rule
     §8:40  Statement Proving Fact Other Than Matter Asserted
     §8:50  Prior Inconsistent Statement [Fla. Stat. §90.801(2)(a)]
     §8:60  Prior Consistent Statement [Fla. Stat. §90.801(2)(b)]
     §8:70  Statement of Identification [Fla. Stat. §90.801(2)(c)]
C.  Admissible Hearsay (Exceptions)
     §8:80  Statements Generally Admissible [Fla. Stat. §90.803]
     §8:90  Statements Admissible When Declarant Is “Unavailable” [Fla. Stat. §90.804]
     §8:100  Statements in Civil Depositions [Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.330(a)]
     §8:110  Statements in Criminal Depositions [Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.190(j), 3.220(h)(1)]
D.  Practice
     §8:120  Evidence as to Declarant’s Credibility [Fla. Stat. §90.806(1)]
     §8:130  Declarant Called as Rebuttal Witness [Fla. Stat. §90.806(2)]
II.  Objections
A.  General Objections
     §8:140  Inadmissible Hearsay
     §8:150  Inadmissible Hearsay Within Hearsay
B.  Hearsay-Rule Exceptions
     §8:160  Spontaneous Statement [Fla. Stat. §90.803(1)]
     §8:170  Excited Utterance [Fla. Stat. §90.803(2)]
     §8:180  Then-Existing Mental, Emotional, or Physical Condition [Fla. Stat. §90.803(3)]
     §8:190  Statement for Purpose of Medical Diagnosis or Treatment [Fla. Stat. §90.803(4)]
     §8:200  Recorded Recollection [Fla. Stat. §90.803(5)]
     §8:210  Record of Regularly Conducted Business Activity [Fla. Stat. §90.803(6)]
     §8:220  Absence of Entry in Record of Regularly Conducted Activity [Fla. Stat. §90.803(7)]
     §8:230  Public Record or Report [Fla. Stat. §90.803(8)]
     §8:240  Record of Vital Statistic [Fla. Stat. §90.803(9)]
     §8:250  Absence of Public Record or Entry [Fla. Stat. §90.803(10)]
     §8:260  Record of Religious Organization [Fla. Stat. §90.803(11)]
     §8:270  Marriage, Baptismal, or Similar Certificate [Fla. Stat. §90.803(12)]
     §8:280  Family Archival Record [Fla. Stat. §90.803(13)]
     §8:290  Recorded or Filed Document Affecting Interest in Property [Fla. Stat. §90.803(14)]
     §8:300  Statement in Document Affecting Interest in Property [Fla. Stat. §90.803(15)]
     §8:310  Statement in Ancient Document [Fla. Stat. §90.803(16)]
     §8:320  Market Report or Commercial Publication [Fla. Stat. §90.803(17)]
     §8:330  Statement Treated as Admission of Party [Fla. Stat. §90.803(18)]
     §8:340  Reputation Concerning Personal or Family History [Fla. Stat. §90.803(19)] or Character
                 [Fla. Stat. §90.803(21)]
     §8:350  Reputation Concerning Boundary or General History [Fla. Stat. §90.803(20)]
     §8:360  Former Testimony [Fla. Stat. §90.803(22)]
     §8:370  Statement of Child Victim [Fla. Stat. §90.803(23)]
     §8:380  Statement of Elderly or Disabled-Adult Victim [Fla. Stat. §90.803(24)]
     §8:390  Unavailable Declarant—Proof of Unavailability [Fla. Stat. §90.804(1)]
     §8:400  Unavailable Declarant Former Testimony [Fla. Stat. §90.804(2)(a)]
     §8:410  Unavailable Declarant Statement Under Belief of Impending Death [Fla. Stat. §90.804(2)(b)]
     §8:420  Unavailable Declarant Statement Against Interest [Fla. Stat. §90.804(2)(c)]
     §8:430  Unavailable Declarant Statement of Personal or Family History [Fla. Stat. §90.804(2)(d)]
     §8:440  Statement by Deceased or Ill Declarant Similar to One Previously Admitted
                 [Fla. Stat. §90.804(2)(e)]
     §8:450  Confession or Admission in Sex-Abuse Prosecution [Fla. Stat. §92.565]
C. Crawford v. Washington
     §8:460  Crawford v. Washington Objections

I.  Principles
A.  Authentication
     §9:10  Requirement of Authentication [Fla. Stat. §90.901]
     §9:20  Testimony of Witness With Knowledge
     §9:30  Handwriting Opinion
     §9:40  Circumstantial Evidence and Distinctive Characteristics
     §9:50  Telephone Calls
     §9:60  Public Records
     §9:70  Records
     §9:80  Signatures and Faxes
     §9:90  Physical or Real Evidence
     §9:100  Self-Authentication [Fla. Stat. §90.902]
     §9:110  Subscribing Witness Unnecessary [Fla. Stat. §90.903]
B.  Best Evidence
     §9:120  Requirement of Originals [Fla. Stat. §90.952]
     §9:130  Writing, Recording, Photo, and Original Defined [Fla. Stat. §90.951]
     §9:140  When Contents Are Being Proved
     §9:150  Inadmissible Duplicates [Fla. Stat. §90.953]
     §9:160  Admissible Duplicates [Fla. Stat. §90.953]
     §9:170  Duplicate Defined [Fla. Stat. §90.951(4)]
     §9:180  Admissibility of Other Evidence of Contents [Fla. Stat. §90.954]
     §9:190  Public Records [Fla. Stat. §90.955]
     §9:200  Summaries [Fla. Stat. §90.956]
     §9:210  Testimony or Written Admission of Party [Fla. Stat. §90.957]
     §9:220  Functions of Court and Jury [Fla. Stat. §90.958]
II.  Objections
A.  Authentication
     §9:230  Document Not Authenticated
     §9:240  Physical or Real Evidence Not Authenticated
B.  Photographs, Recordings, and Jury Views
     §9:250  Photographs
     §9:260  Radiographs and Other Diagnostic Images
     §9:270  Videotapes and Motion-Picture Films
     §9:280  Sound Recordings
     §9:290  Jury Views
C.  Best Evidence
     §9:300  Writing Is Not Best Evidence

I.  Principles
A.  Generally
     §10:10  Rule
     §10:20  Substantive Rule of Law
     §10:30  Application
B.  Exceptions
     §10:40  Subsequent Oral Agreements
     §10:50  Contemporaneous Oral Agreements
     §10:60  Separate Transaction
     §10:70  Formation or Existence of Contract
     §10:80  Mistake
     §10:90  Fraud
     §10:100  Conditional Delivery
     §10:110  Incomplete Contracts
     §10:120  Consideration
     §10:130  Ambiguities
     §10:140  Reformation
II.  Objections
     §10:150  Evidence Violates Parol-Evidence Rule

I.  Principles
     §11:10  Definition and Purpose
     §11:20  Trial Court Discretion
     §11:30  Use in Closing Argument
     §11:40  Trial Practice
II.  Objections
     §11:50  Charts, Diagrams, Graphs, or Maps
     §11:60  Models
     §11:70  Demonstrations, Simulations, Re-Creations, or Experiments

I.  Principles
A.  Depositions
     §12:10  Use Generally
     §12:20  Use Against Party
     §12:30  Use of Adverse Party’s Deposition
     §12:40  Use of Deposition of Adverse Party’s Representative
     §12:50  Use of Unavailable Nonparty Witness’s Deposition
     §12:60  Use of Deposition for Impeachment
     §12:70  Placing Deposition Testimony in Evidence
     §12:80  Timely Objections
     §12:90  Authentication and Best Evidence Rule
B.  Other Discovery Methods
     §12:100  Interrogatory Answers
     §12:110  Document Production
     §12:120  Requests for Admission
     §12:130  Expert Witness Interrogatories
II.  Objections
A.  Depositions
     §12:140  Testimony Excluded by Rule of Evidence
     §12:150  Deposition Taken Over Objection of Inadequate Notice
     §12:160  Officer Disqualified
     §12:170  Testimony Not of Officer, Director, or Managing Agent
     §12:180  Witness Is Not Unavailable
     §12:190  Deposition Not Inconsistent With Trial Testimony and Cannot Be Used to Impeach
     §12:200  Witness Not Given Opportunity to Deny or Explain
     §12:210  Witness’s Memory Not Exhausted
B.  Other Discovery Methods
     §12:220  Interrogatory Answer to Which Timely Objection Made
     §12:230  Evidence Is Contrary to Admitted Facts
     §12:240  Witness or Document Not Disclosed as Required by Pre-Trial Order
     §12:250  Examining Doctor’s Testimony Should Be Excluded

I.  Principles
     §13:10  Definition and Purpose
     §13:20  Order of Argument
     §13:30  Scope of Closing and Rebuttal Arguments
     §13:40  Procedure for Objecting During Closing
     §13:50  Time Limitations
     §13:60  Court’s Duty to Control Closing Argument
II.  Objections
     §13:70  Matters Not in Evidence
     §13:80  Demonstrative Materials Not in Evidence
     §13:90  “Empty Chair”; Release of Defendant
     §13:100  Failure to Testify or to Call Witness
     §13:110  Injecting Self or Personal Belief; Vouching for Witness Credibility
     §13:120  Personal Attacks
     §13:130  Racial, Geographic, or Religious Comments
     §13:140  Social, Class, Political, or Economic Prejudice; Wealth or Poverty
     §13:150  Community Conscience; Send a Message; Punish Defendant
     §13:160  Golden Rule
     §13:170  Insurance
     §13:180  Misleading Jury
     §13:190  Appeal to Jury Self Interest; Currying Favor
     §13:200  Violation of Pre-Trial Ruling or Other Court Order
     §13:210  Arguing Law
     §13:220  Appeals to Sympathy and Emotions
     §13:230  Witness Bolstering
     §13:240  Inflammatory
     §13:250  Right to Remain Silent and Shifting Burden of Proof
     §13:260  Improperly Limiting Closing Argument

I.  Principles
     §14:10  Purpose of Jury Instructions
     §14:20  Instructions in Civil Cases
     §14:30  Instructions in Criminal Cases
     §14:40  Post-Trial Jury Interview
II.  Objections
     §14:50  Giving of Objectionable Instruction
     §14:60  Failure or Refusal to Give Particular Instruction
     §14:70  Jury Not Properly Instructed on Judicial Notice
     §14:80  Jury Questions
     §14:90  Reading Testimony in Counsel’s Absence
     §14:100  Unauthorized Materials to Jury Room
     §14:110  Juror Misconduct
     §14:120  Coercion of Jury

I.  Principles
     §15:10  Required Conduct of Attorneys in Court
II.  Objections
     §15:20  Arguing Objections Before the Jury (Speaking Objections)
     §15:30  Failure to Comply With Ruling
     §15:40  Improper Comment
     §15:50  Material Not in Evidence

I.  Principles
     §16:10  Required Judicial Conduct
     §16:20  Remarks About Attorney, Party, or Witness
     §16:30  Objecting to Judicial Conduct
II.  Objections
     §16:40  Failure to Regulate Trial
     §16:50  Improper Regulation of Attire
     §16:60  Showing Partiality
     §16:70  Summing Up and Comment by Judge [Fla. Stat. §90.106]

Evidence Code

Table of Cases

Table of Constitutional Provisions, Rules, and Statutes

Index