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Florida Criminal Trial Procedure |
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Summary Contents
Chapter 1: Arrest, First Appearance, and Probable Cause Hearings Chapter 2: Indictment, Information, and Arraignment Chapter 3: Bail and Pretrial Detention Chapter 4: Discovery Chapter 5: Pretrial Motions and Notices Chapter 6: Speedy Trial Chapter 7: Jury Selection Chapter 8: Proof and Argument Chapter 9: Jury Instructions and Deliberation, Verdict and Judgment
Table of Contents Chapter 1: Arrest, First Appearance, and Probable Cause Hearings §1:1 Introduction §1:2 “Arrest” Defined §1:2(a) Warrantless Arrest §1:2(b) Fla. Stat. §901.151 – Stop and Frisk §1:2(c) Fla. Stat. §901.17 – Method of Arrest by Officer Without Warrant §1:2(d) Fla. Stat. §901.19 – Knock and Announce §1:2(e) Fla. Stat. §901.25 – Hot Pursuit §1:3 Interdiction, Detention, and Arrest (Trains, Planes, and Automobiles) §1:3(a) Overview §1:3(b) Stops Predicated on Unparticularized Suspicion or Random Choice §1:3(c) The Pretext Stop §1:3(d) Profile Stops §1:4 Basis for Stop or "Seizure" §1:4(a) Fellow Officer or BOLO Information §1:4(b) Information Derived From a Citizen Informant §1:4(c) Information Derived From an Informant §1:4(d) Information From an Anonymous Tip §1:4(e) Profile Stops §1:5 Categories of Stops and the Warrantless Searches They May Justify §1:5(a) Introduction §1:5(b) The Probable Cause Stop §1:5(c) Terry Stops §1:5(d) Detention and Consent §1:5(e) Consequences of Illegal Detentions and Arrests §1:6 The Arrest Warrant and Capias §1:7 Notice to Appear §1:8 First Appearance §1:9 Probable Cause Hearings and Adversary Preliminary Hearings Chapter 2: Indictment, Information, and Arraignment §2:1 Introduction §2:2 The Grand Jury §2:2(a) Standing to Challenge the Grand Jury §2:2(b) Challenge to Individual Grand Juror §2:2(c) Challenge to Grand Jury as a Whole §2:2(d) Grand Jury Appearance §2:2(e) Grand Jury Secrecy and Disclosure §2:3 The Prosecutor as a "One-Man Grand Jury" §2:4 The Grand Jury or Investigative Subpoena §2:4(a) Subpoenas Duces Tecum §2:4(b) The Fourth Amendment or Article I, §12 §2:4(c) The Fifth Amendment or Article I, §9 §2:4(d) Immunity of Witnesses – Generally §2:4(e) Immmunity of Witnesses – Bar Proceedings §2:4(f) Immunity of Witnesses – Garrity §2:5 The Charging Document §2:5(a) Timing §2:5(b) Form of the Indictment or Information §2:5(c) Amendments to Charging Document §2:5(d) Vagueness and Variance in Proof §2:5(e) Motion for Statement of Particulars §2:5(f) Venue and Jurisdiction §2:5(g) Pleading in the Alternative §2:5(h) Duplicity §2:5(i) Multiplicity §2:5(j) Special Pleading Problems: Principal or Accessory §2:5(k) Special Pleading Problems: Crimes as to Which Prior Conviction Is an Element §2:6 Arraignment and Pleas §2:6(a) Timing §2:6(b) Irregularities Waived by Plea §2:6(c) Right to Plead Guilty §2:6(d) "Alford Plea" §2:6(e) Concession of Guilt by Attorney §2:6(f) Plea Bargaining §2:6(g) Receiving the Plea §2:6(h) Withdrawing the Plea §2:6(i) Enforcing the Plea Agreement §2:6(j) Vacating the Plea §2:6(k) Evidentiary Use of Plea Agreements or Negotiations §2:7 Sealing or Expunging Criminal Record Chapter 3: Bail and Pretrial Detention §3:1 Introduction §3:2 Pretrial Release §3.2(a) Alternatives §3.2(b) Right to Pretrial Release §3.2(c) "Reasonable Bail" §3:3 Special Bail Situations §3:3(a) Cases in Which Death or Life Imprisonment Is a Possible Penalty §3:3(b) Pretrial Detention §3:3(c) Interstate and Intrastate Rendition §3:3(d) Juvenile Transfer §3.3(e) Post-trial Release – Appeal Bonds §3:4 Conditions of Bail: Appearance Condition and Performance Conditions §3:5 The Bail Hearing §3:5(a) Timing and Procedure When Pretrial Detention Has Not Been Requested §3:5(b) Timing and Procedure When Pretrial Detention Has Been Requested §3.5(c) Burden of Proof in Setting Bail §3.5(d) Burden of Proof in Modifying Bail §3.5(e) Form of Proof Chapter 4: Discovery §4:1 Introduction to the Discovery Scheme §4:1(a) Richardson Hearings §4:2 Discovery Outside the Statutory Scheme of Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.220 §4:2(a) Constitutional Discovery and The Brady Doctrine §4:2(b) Florida Statutes Chapter 119 – The "Sunshine" Law §4:2(c) Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.140(m) and (n) – Copy of Indictment and Statement of Particulars §4:2(d) Adversary Preliminary Hearing and Pretrial Detention Hearing §4:2(e) Fact Investigation §4:3 The Discovery Scheme of Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.220 §4:3(a) Notice of Participation in Discovery §4:3(b) The Government's Discovery Obligations §4:3(c) Limitations on the Government's General Discovery Obligations – The Informant's Privilege §4:3(d) The Defense's Discovery Obligations §4:3(e) Limitations on Defense Physical Examination Discovery §4:4 The Deposition Process §4:4(a) Whose Deposition May Be Taken? §4:4(b) What May Be Asked? §4:4(c) What May the Witness Be Commanded to Bring? §4:4(d) Who May Be Present? §4:4(e) Where May the Deposition Be Taken? §4:4(f) Deposition Practice §4:5 Miscellaneous Provisions of Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.220 §4:5(a) Restrictions – In General §4:5(b) Restrictions – Privileged Material §4:5(c) Sanctions Chapter 5: Pretrial Motions and Notices §5:1 Motions to Dismiss – In General §5:1(a) Time for Motions – Generally §5:1(b) Time for Motions – Fundamental Grounds §5:1(c) Other Motions to Dismiss §5:2 Motions to Dismiss Pursuant to Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.190(c)(4) §5:2(a) The Motion Itself §5:2(b) The State’s Response §5:2(c) Orders Reducing Rather Than Dismissing Charges §5:2(d) Evidentiary Uses §5:3 Motions to Continue §5:4 Motions to Suppress §5:4(a) Physical Evidence §5:4(a)(1) Burden of Production §5:4(a)(2) Standing §5:4(a)(3) Motion to Supress Physical Evidence Coupled With Request for Return of Property §5:4(b) Identification §5:5 Motions to Suppress Testimonial Evidence §5:5(a) Defendant's Statements §5:5(b) Involuntary Confessions §5:5(c) The Miranda Requirements §5:5(d) Co-Defendant’s Statements §5:5(e) Prosecution Witness’s Statements §5:6 Motions for Joinder or Severance §5:6(a) Joinder and Consolidation of Offenses §5:6(b) Joinder of Defendants §5:6(c) Severance of Offenses §5:6(d) Severance of Defendants §5:6(d)(1) Grounds for Severance – Prejudice Generally §5:6(d)(2) Grounds for Severance – Antagonistic Defenses §5:6(d)(3) Grounds for Severance – Exculpatory Testimony of Co-Defendant §5:6(d)(4) Grounds for Severance – Adverse Comments of Co-Counsel §5:6(e) Rule 3.151(c) – “Statutory Double Jeopardy” §5:6(e)(1) Application of the Rule §5:6(f) Double Jeopardy §5:6(f)(1) At Common Law §5:6(f)(1)(A) Blockburger §5:6(f)(1)(B) Grady v. Corbin §5:6(f)(1)(C) United States v. Dixon §5:6(f)(1)(D) Schiro v. Farley §5:6(f)(2) Double Jeopardy in Florida §5:7 Motion to Disqualify the Trial Judge §5:8 Motion for Change of Venue §5:9 Notices §5:9(a) Notice of Alibi §5:9(b) Notice of Intent to Rely on Insanity Defense §5:9(c) Battered Spouse Syndrome §5:9(d) Waiver of Appearance at Pretrial Hearing Chapter 6: Speedy Trial §6:1 The Constitutional Right §6:1(a) Statutes of Limitation §6:2 The Statutory Right §6:2(a) When Is a Defendant in Custody? §6:2(b) Speedy Trial Upon Demand §6:2(c) Moving for Discharge Under the Rule §6:2(c)(1) A Court-Ordered Extension of Time That Has Not Expired §6:2(c)(2) The Failure to Commence Trial Is Attributable to Any Defendant or Counsel for Any Defendant §6:2(c)(2)(A) The Defendant Was Not Continuously Available for Trial §6:2(c)(2)(B) Defendant's Speedy Trial Demand Under Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.191(b) and (g) is Invalid §6:2(d) Timing of Motion for and Orders Granting Extension of Speedy Trial Period §6:2(e) Conflict Between Right to Speedy Trial and Right to Discovery §6:2(f) The Effect of Discharge §6:2(g) The Effect of Mistrials, Appeals, etc. §6:2(h) The Effect of Nolle Prosequi Chapter 7: Jury Selection §7:1 The Venire §7:1(a) Jury Questionnaires §7:1(b) Jury Consultants §7:2 Voir Dire Examination of Jurors §7:2(a) The Goals of Jury Voir Dire §7:2(b) The Subject Matter of Jury Voir Dire §7:2(b)(1) Introductory Remarks §7:2(b)(2) The Charging Document §7:2(b)(3) Presumption of Innocence or Burden of Proof §7:2(b)(4) Defendant's Right Not to Testify §7:2(b)(5) Witnesses §7:2(b)(6) Theory of the Case §7:2(b)(7) The Jury Selection Process Itself §7:2(b)(8) Miscellaneous §7:2(c) False or Incomplete Answers by Venireman §7:3 Exercising Challenges §7:3(a) The “High Profile” Case §7:3(b) “Backstriking" §7:3(c) Challenges for Cause §7:3(d) Peremptory Challenges §7:3(d)(1) Limitations Imposed by Federal Constitutional Law §7:3(d)(1)(A) The Rule of Batson §7:3(d)(1)(B) Batson's Three-Part Test §7:3(d)(1)(C) Powers v. Ohio §7:3(d)(1)(D) Hernandez v. New York – Applying the Batson Test §7:3(d)(1)(E) Georgia v. McCollum §7:3(d)(1)(F) J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B. §7:3(d)(2) Limitations Imposed by Florida Constitutional Law §7:3(d)(2)(A) State v. Neil §7:3(d)(2)(B) Deconstructing Melbourne §7:3(d)(2)(C) Remedying the Neil Violation §7:3(d)(3) The Mechanics of Rule 3.350 §7:4 Swearing the Jury Chapter 8: Proof and Argument §8:1 Opening Statement §8:1(a) Generally §8:1(a)(1) Argument in Opening §8:1(a)(2) Visual Aids in Opening §8:1(a)(3) Right to Open; Duty to Open §8:2 Invoking the Rule §8:3 The Trial Brief §8:3(a) The Factual Recitation §8:3(b) The Evidentiary Issues §8:3(c) Issues of Substantive Law §8:3(A) Motions in Limine §8:4 The Prosecution’s Case in Chief §8:4(a) The Requirement of Corpus Delicti §8:4(b) Venue §8:4(c) Identification §8:4(c)(1) In General §8:4(c)(2) Expert Testimony as to Eyewitness Identification §8:4(c)(2)(A) When Is Expert Testimony Admissible? §8:4(c)(2)(B) As to What Issues Is Expert Testimony Admissible §8:4(c)(2)(C) Upon What Foundation Is Expert Testimony Admissible? §8:4(d) Confessions §8:4(d)(1) Is the Confession Violative of the Defendant’s Right to be Free From Compulsory Self-Incrimination? §8:4(d)(2) Is the Confession Violative of the Defendant’s Right to Counsel? §8:4(d)(3) Is the Confession Voluntary? §8:4(e) Standard of Proof of Voluntariness §8:5 Motion for Judgment of Acquittal §8:6 The Defense Case §8:6(a) The Defendant as Witness §8:6(a)(1) What Is “Testimony” Under Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.250? §8:6(a)(2) The Defendant’s Testimony §8:6(b) Multi-Defendant Cases §8:7 Rebuttal and Surrebuttal §8:8 The Charge Conference §8:9 Closing Argument §8:9(a) Time Allowed for Closing §8:9(b) Scope of Argument §8:9(b)(1) Generally; References to Jury Instructions §8:9(b)(1)(A) Expression of Personal Opinion §8:9(b)(1)(B) Abusive Language; “Golden Rule”; References to Punishment §8:9(c) Argument Regarding the Presentation of the Defense §8:9(c)(1) Comment on Defendant’s Silence §8:9(c)(2) Comment on Failure to Present a Defense Chapter 9: Jury Instructions and Deliberation, Verdict and Judgment §9:1 Jury Instructions and Deliberation §9:1(a) Toward a Unified Theory of Jury Instruction in Criminal Cases §9:1(a)(1) Introduction §9:1(a)(2) The Three Models of the Jury's Role, and the Theory of Jury Instruction Implied by Each §9:1(a)(2)(A) The Common Law Model §9:1(a)(2)(B) The Jury Nullification Model §9:1(a)(2)(C) The American Model §9:1(a)(3) Application of the Theory – Spoliation of Evidence §9:1(a)(4) Application of the Theory – Missing Witness Instruction §9:1(a)(5) Application of the Theory – The Common Law Circumstantial Evidence Rule §9:1(b)(1) The Florida Standard Jury Instructions §9:1(b)(2) Other Requested Jury Instructions §9:1(b)(2)(A) Theory of the Defense Instructions §9:1(b)(2)(B) Miscellaneous Non-Standard Instructions §9:1(b)(2)(B)(i) The "Government as a Party" Instruction §9:1(b)(2)(B)(ii) Deliberate Ignorance or Willful Blindness §9:1(b)(3) Instruction as to Co-Conspirator Hearsay §9:1(b)(3)(A) James Hearings §9:1(b)(3)(B) The Requirement of Independent Evidence §9:1(b)(3)(C) Standard of Proof §9:1(b)(3)(D) Asking for the Instruction §9:1(b)(4) Allen Charges §9:1(c) Lesser Included Offenses §9:2 Jury Deliberation §9:2(a) What May the Jury Take Into the Jury Room With Them? §9:2(b) Communication With a Deliberating Jury; Review of Evidence and Re-Instruction §9:3 Sequestration §9:4 Verdict §9:4(a) Rendition §9:4(b) Requirement of a Unanimous Verdict; Waiver of Unanimity §9:4(c) Ambiguous, Defective, or Irregular Verdict §9:4(d) Polling the Jury §9:4(e) Sealed Verdict §9:4(f) Comment on Verdict; Inquiry Into Verdict §9:4(f)(1) Judicial Comment on the Verdict §9:4(f)(2) Inquiry Into the Verdict §9:5 Judgment Table of Cases Index B7 |
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