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Federal Criminal Practice |
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 General Principles I. Laws Governing Federal Criminal Practice §1:1 Recognize Governing Rules §1:2 Coverage of Book II. Federal and Local Rules A. Application §1:3 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure §1:4 Federal Rules of Evidence §1:5 Local Rules §1:6 Standing Orders or Other Internal Directives B. Purpose and Construction §1:7 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure §1:8 Federal Rules of Evidence C. Enactment and Amendment §1:9 Understand How Rules Are Enacted §1:10 Use Advisory Committee Notes §1:11 Use Legislative History §1:12 Participate in Rule and Amendment Process D. Impact of Blakely v. Washington and United States v. Booker §1:13 Conforming Amendments §1:14 Reserved III. Appellate Review A. Build Record §1:15 Always Keep Possibility of Appeal in Mind §1:16 Object §1:17 Demonstrate Prejudice §1:18 Renew Motions B. Standards of Review 1. Harmless Error §1:19 Definition §1:20 Application §1:21 Burden of Persuasion §1:22 Non-Constitutional Error §1:23 Constitutional Error 2. Plain Error §1:24 Definition §1:25 Burden of Persuasion §1:26 Examples §1:27 Plain Error After Booker §1:28 Citation of Unpublished Opinions §1:28 [Reserved] IV. Classification of Crimes A. In General §1:30 Importance B. Definitions and Methods of Prosecution §1:31 Felonies §1:32 Misdemeanors §1:33 Infractions §1:34 Petty Offenses Chapter 2 Bringing Defendant Before the Court I. Arrest or Summons A. General Concepts §2:1 Methods §2:2 Effect of Speedy Trial Act §2:3 Contact Arresting Agency and Prosecutor §2:4 Negotiate Surrender or Summons in Lieu of Arrest B. Arrest on Warrant 1. Obtaining and Executing Warrant §2:5 Issuance §2:6 Invalidation §2:7 Execution 2. Place of Arrest §2:8 Public Place §2:9 Suspect’s Home §2:10 Third Party’s Home C. Arrest Without Warrant §2:11 Public Place §2:12 Suspect’s Home §2:13 Third Party’s Home §2:14 Appearance Before Judicial Officer D. Summons §2:15 Issuance §§2:16 - 2:24 [Reserved] II. Contact With Pretrial Services Officer A. Interview 1. General Principles §2:25 Reason for Interview §2:26 Subject Matter §2:27 Questions About Pending Offenses 2. Presence of Counsel §2:28 Notice of Right by Officer §2:29 Give Notice to Agency §2:30 Arrange to be Present B. Officer’s Report §2:31 Available to Court and Counsel §2:32 Available to Probation Officer After Conviction C. Potential Uses of Information §2:33 Evidence of Guilt §2:34 Impeachment §2:35 Sentencing Chapter 3 Initial Appearance and Choice of Counsel I. Overview A. In General §3:1 Arrest or Summons §3:2 Statements by Defendant Before Initial Appearance B. What to Expect 1. Indictment or Information §3:3 Proceedings Generally 2. Complaint §3:4 Proceedings Generally §3:5 Felonies §3:6 Misdemeanor or Petty Offense §3:6.1 Proceedings Generally §3:6.2 Pleas §3:7 [Reserved] II. Timing A. Time Requirements §3:8 Bringing Arrested Person Before Court §3:9 Filing Complaint B. Delay in Bringing Arrested Person Before Court §3:10 Consequences Generally §3:11 Statement Within Six Hours of Arrest §3:12 Statement More Than Six Hours After Arrest §§3:13 – 3:14 [Reserved] III. Informing Defendant of Complaint §3:15 Examine Complaint for Probable Cause §3:16 Move to Dismiss for Lack of Probable Cause §§3:17 – 3:19 [Reserved] IV. Appointment and Appearance of Counsel A. Right to Counsel 1. When Attaches §3:20 Initiation of Proceedings 2. Choosing Retained Counsel §3:21 Right of Accused §3:22 Substitution §3:23 Waiver of Conflict B. Self-Representation §3:24 Nature of Right §3:25 Disadvantages §3:26 Stand-By Counsel C. Effective Assistance of Counsel 1. Nature of Right §3:27 Test §3:28 Remedy 2. Conflict of Interest §3:29 Nature of Right §3:30 Objection in Trial Court §3:31 No Objection §3:32 Actual Conflict §3:33 Examples Related to Trial §3:34 Examples Related to Plea Negotiations and Sentencing §3:35 Burden §3:36 Court Inquiry §3:37 Waiver §§3:38 – 3:39 [Reserved] D. Retained Counsel §3:40 Immediately Notify Pretrial Services Agency §3:41 Contact Prosecutor §3:42 Enter Appearance §§3:43 – 3:44 [Reserved] E. Appointed Counsel 1. Basis for Right a. Constitution and Statute §3:45 Sixth Amendment §3:46 Criminal Justice Act b. Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure §3:47 FRCrP 44 §3:48 FRCrP 5 §3:49 FRCrP 58 c. Other Aspects of Right to Appointed Counsel §3:50 No Right to Choose Particular Attorney §3:51 More Than One §3:52 Death Penalty Litigation 2. Eligibility §3:53 Determining §3:54 Spouse or Parent Willing to Pay §3:55 Later Determination of Available Assets §3:56 Partial Eligibility §3:57 Conflict Between Privilege Against Self-Incrimination and Right to Counsel 3. Compensation and Expenses §3:58 Non-Death Penalty Cases §3:59 Death Penalty Cases §3:60 Interim Compensation §3:61 Expert and Other Services V. Forms Form 3A: Notice of Appearance Form 3B: CJA Voucher—Appointment of/Authority to Pay Counsel (CJA 20) Form 3C: CJA Voucher—Financial Affidavit (CJA 23) Form 3D: CJA Voucher—Appointment of/Authority to Pay Counsel: Death Penalty Proceeding (CJA 30) Form 3E: CJA Voucher—Experts (CJA 21) Chapter 4 Pretrial Release or Detention I. Statutory Procedure §4:1 Governing Authority §4:2 Effect §4:3 Who May Order Release or Detention §4:4 Procedure Overview §4:5 Danger to Another Person or Community Defined II. Release A. Obtaining Release at Initial Appearance §4:6 Importance §4:7 Temporary Release to Prepare Defense §4:8 Procedure §4:9 Role of Counsel §4:10 Contents of Order §4:11 Request Comprehensive Release Order B. Release Without Conditions §4:12 Personal Recognizance and Unsecured Appearance Bond C. Release on Conditions §4:13 Procedure §4:14 When Court Must Consider Imposing Conditions §4:15 Least Restrictive Conditions §4:16 Committing New Crime §4:17 Money or Bail Bond §4:18 Source of Money or Collateral for Bond — Nebbia Hearing D. Appeal 1. Review by District Court §4:19 Authority §4:20 Procedure 2. Review by Court of Appeals §4:21 Authority §4:22 Procedure §4:23 Standard of Review §§4:24 – 4:30 [Reserved] III. Temporary Detention A. District Court Proceedings §4:31 Requirements §4:32 Notice to Supervising Agency §4:33 Government’s Motion for Detention Hearing B. Review §4:34 Challenge at Detention Hearing Within Period of Temporary Detention §4:35 Challenge When Detention Hearing Not Held During Temporary Detention §§4:36 – 4:39 [Reserved] IV. Detention A. Introduction §4:40 Governing Authority and Purpose §4:41 Obtain Access to Detained Client B. Hearing Requirements §4:42 Cases in Which Court Will Hold Hearing §4:42.1 Crimes of Violence §4:42.2 Other Offenses Rendering Defendant Eligible for Detention §4:42.3 Personal Characteristics Rendering Defendant Eligible for Detention §4:43 Timing §4:44 Continuances §4:45 Waiving Hearing §4:46 Object to Lengthy Detention C. Burden of Proof and Presumptions §4:47 Procedure §4:48 Clear and Convincing Evidence — No Conditions Will Assure Safety §4:49 Preponderance of Evidence — No Conditions Will Assure Appearance §4:50 Government Need Not Prove Both §4:51 Rebuttable Presumptions §4:51.1 Presumption #1: No Release Conditions Will Assure Safety §4:51.2 Presumption #2: No Release Conditions Will Assure Appearance and Safety §4:52 Proof of Probable Cause §4:53 Defendant’s Burden to Produce Credible Evidence to Rebut Presumptions §4:54 Government’s Burden of Persuasion §§4:55 – 4:59 [Reserved] D. Hearing Procedure §4:60 Evidence Rules Do Not Apply §4:61 Government’s Presentation §4:62 Defendant’s Presentation §4:63 Subpoenaing Witnesses §4:64 Produce and Obtain Witness Statements §4:65 Obtain Written Findings and Reasons E. Post-Hearing Procedure 1. Before Magistrate Judge §4:66 Reopening Hearing 2. Appeal a. Review by District Court §4:67 Who May Seek Motion §4:68 Prompt Determination §4:69 De Novo Review §4:70 Format Motion Like Appeal §4:71 Ask for Findings on Denial of Motion b. Review by Court of Appeals §4:72 Who May Appeal §4:73 Standard of Review §4:74 Prompt Determination; Expedited Appeals V. Forms Form 4A: Motion to Modify Conditions of Release—Permit Travel, Continue Preliminary Hearing Form 4B: Motion to Amend Conditions of Release—Transfer Pretrial Supervision, Change Residence Form 4C: Motion for Temporary Modification of Release Form 4D: Motion to Amend Conditions of Release—Reduce Cash Bond Form 4E: Motion to Revoke Pretrial Detention Order Form 4F: Motion to Review Detention Order After Appeal of Magistrate Order Chapter 5 Removal Proceedings I. Arrest for Offense Committed in Another District §5:1 Appearance Before Magistrate Judge in Arresting or Adjacent District §5:2 Preliminary Proceedings §5:3 Preliminary Examination §5:4 Identity Hearing §5:5 Production of Arrest Warrant II. Arrest in Other District for Failure to Appear or violating Conditions of release §5:6 Scope of Rule 40: Effect of Failure to Appear §5:7 Appearance Before Nearest Magistrate Judge §5:8 Preliminary Examination §5:9 Identity Hearing §5:10 Revocation of Pretrial Release in Charging District III. Release or Detention When Criminal Offense Charged A. Role of Magistrate Judge in District of Arrest §5:11 Detention Determination §5:12 Bail Endorsement §5:13 Entering Plea B. Pretrial Release or Detention §5:14 Move to Establish Conditions of Release §5:15 Request Travel and Subsistence Expenses §5:16 Oppose Pretrial Detention IV. Complaints for Unlawful Flight to Avoid Prosecution §5:17 Authority for Arrest and Prosecution §5:18 No Intention to Prosecute §5:19 Intention to Prosecute Chapter 6 Preliminary Examination I. Defendant’s Right §6:1 Offenses Other Than Petty Offenses §6:2 Petty Offenses §6.3 Choice of Venue II. Purpose §6:4 Establishing Probable Cause §6:5 Conducting Discovery III. Procedure A. In General §6:6 Timing §6:7 Get Transcript §6:8 Discover Government Witness Statements §6:9 Move to Have Government Preserve Agents’ Notes §6:10 Subpoenaing Witnesses §6:11 Defeating Prosecutor’s Motion to Quash §6:12 Subpoenas by Appointed Counsel B. Introducing Evidence §6:13 Rules of Evidence §6:14 Hearsay §6:15 Illegally Obtained Evidence §6:16 Cross-Examine Government Witnesses §6:17 Disadvantages of Broad Cross-Examination §6:18 Calling Witnesses Chapter 7 Alternatives to Prosecution I. In General §7:1 Discretion to Prosecute §7:2 Alternatives II. Pretrial Diversion A. Overview §7:3 Definition §7:4 Statutory Authority §7:5 Timing §7:6 Effect §7:7 Contractual Nature §7:8 Divertable Offenses §7:9 Diversion Candidates B. Proposing Diversion §7:10 Obtain Operations Agreement §7:11 Confer With Pretrial Services Officer §7:12 Review Sample Agreement With Client §7:13 Contact Prosecutor or Obtain Referral by Pretrial Services Agency §7:14 Helpful Factors C. Eligibility §7:15 Department of Justice §7:16 United States Attorney D. Consent and Waiver of Rights 1. Requirements §7:17 Consent in Writing §7:18 Rights Waived Before Charges Filed §7:19 Rights Waived After Charges Filed 2. Admitting Wrongdoing §7:20 Determine if Required in Advance §7:21 Department of Justice Policy §7:22 Get Agreement on Use of Statements E. Supervision 1. Parameters §7:23 Length §7:24 Conditions 2. Violation of Conditions §7:25 Effect §7:26 Notice §7:27 Challenging Termination F. Completion §7:28 Effect §7:29 Future Sentencing §§7:30 – 7:39 [Reserved] III. Cooperation with Investigation or Prosecution of Others A. Overview §7:40 Prosecutorial Discretion §7:41 Factors to Consider B. Proffer §7:42 Requirement §7:43 Made in Person §7:44 Proffer Letter C. Uses of Information 1. General Principles §7:45 Governing Standards 2. Direct Use §7:46 Informal Use Immunity §7:46.1 Prohibit in Proffer Letter §7:46.2 Binding Contract §7:47 Formal Use Immunity §7:48 Transactional Immunity 3. Derivative Use Immunity §7:49 Definition §7:50 Advantages §7:51 Prosecutor’s Reluctance to Grant §7:52 Effect §7:53 Discuss in Proffer Letter 4. Sentencing §7:54 Advisory Guidelines §7:55 Federal Rules §7:56 Prosecutor’s Agreement §7:57 [Reserved] 5. Other Uses §7:58 Impeachment §7:59 Prosecution For False Statements §7:60 Breach §7:60.1 Defendant’s Breach Releases Government from Agreement §7:60.2 Burden of Proof D. Quid Pro Quo for Cooperation 1. Nonprosecution Agreement §7:61 Department of Justice Policy §7:62 Requirements 2. Guilty Plea to Reduced Charges §7:63 Benefits 3. Sentencing Concessions §7:64 Downward Departure §7:65 Extent of Downward Departure §7:66 United States Attorneys’ Policies §7:67 Modification After Sentencing IV. Forms Form 7A: Pretrial Diversion Operations Agreement Form 7B: Prosecutor’s Referral Letter to Pretrial Services Form 7C: Letter to Alleged Offender Form 7D: Candidate’s Approval to Institute Pretrial Diversion Investigation Form 7E: Recommendation for Pretrial Diversion Form 7F: Pretrial Diversion Agreement Form 7G: Certification of Completion of Pretrial Diversion Program Form 7H: Sample Proffer Letter Chapter 8 Grand Jury Proceedings I. Introduction A. Overview §8:1 Members; Term of Service B. Functions of Grand Jury 1. Bring Indictments §8:2 Governing Law §8:3 When Required §8:4 Determination §8:5 Scope of Inquiry 2. Investigate Criminal Conduct §8:6 Powers §8:7 Exercise of Power C. Role of Prosecutor 1. In General §8:8 Initiating Action §8:9 Investigation §8:10 Indictment §8:11 Presenting Evidence 2. Department of Justice Guidelines §8:12 Provisions Regulating Conduct of Grand Jury §8:13 Judicial Enforcement D. Role of District Court §8:14 General Powers §8:15 Evidence Gathering E. Disclosure of Proceedings §8:16 Witnesses §8:17 Persons Other Than Witnesses §8:18 In Connection With Judicial Proceedings §8:19 Move for Disclosure §8:20 Show Particularized Need §8:20.1 Case Examples: Particularized Need Not Shown §8:20.2 Case Examples: Particularized Need Shown §8:21 Disclosure Relating to Terrorism §§8:22 – 8:30 [Reserved] II. Defense Counsel A. Role Generally 1. Introduction §8:31 Types of Clients §8:32 Right of Witness to Counsel 2. Prepare Client to Testify §8:33 Assert Fifth Amendment Privilege When Applicable §8:34 Recognize Other Privileges §8:35 Leave Room to Consult With You B. Clients Under Subpoena 1. Reach of Subpoenas §8:36 Anywhere in Nation 2. Appointment of Counsel §8:37 Authority §8:38 Request by Witness 3. Determine Witness Status a. Importance §8:39 Criminal Exposure b. Targets and Subjects §8:40 Definitions §8:41 Similarities §8:42 Differences §8:43 Government’s Role §8:44 Determine Status Yourself 4. Explore Alternatives to Grand Jury Appearance §8:45 Why? §8:46 Criteria for Subpoena §8:47 Notify Prosecutor of Refusal to Testify 5. Move to Quash or Modify Subpoena §8:48 Subpoena Duces Tecum §8:49 Subpoena for Testimony §§8:50 – 8:59 [Reserved] C. Targets Not Under Subpoena §8:60 Problems §8:61 Presenting Exculpatory Evidence §8:62 Client’s Cooperation in Investigation or Prosecution of Others §§8:63 – 8:69 [Reserved] D. Resisting Production of Evidence 1. In General a. Background §8:70 Why? §8:71 How? b. Grounds §8:72 Privilege Against Self-Incrimination §8:73 Other Grounds 2. Business Records §8:74 Who May Assert Privilege Against Self-Incrimination §8:74.1 Personal Right Afforded Natural Persons §8:74.2 Custodians of Records §8:75 Privileged Act of Production 3. Private Papers §8:76 Privileged Contents §8:77 Privileged Act of Production 4. Other Evidence §8:78 Nontestimonial Evidence §§8:79 – 8:84 [Reserved] III. Rights of Witnesses A. Privileges 1. Protection Against Self-Incrimination a. In General §8:85 Protection Afforded §8:86 Showing Required §8:87 Court Determination §8:88 Waiver §8:89 Testimonial Evidence b. Advice of Rights §8:90 Requirements §8:91 Use of Unwarned Testimony at Trial §8:92 Prepare Client to Assert Privilege §§8:93 – 8:95 [Reserved] 2. Others a. In General §8:96 Strict Construction §8:97 Burden on Asserting Party §8:98 Holder of Privilege §8:99 Applicability of Federal Rules of Evidence §8:100 Researching Privileges §8:101 Raise New Privileges b. Lawyer-Client §8:102 Definition §8:103 Holder §8:104 Explain to Client §8:105 Joint-Defense Agreements and Common Interest Privilege §8:106 Crime-Fraud Exception §8:107 Work Product Doctrine §8:107.1 Documents Compiled in Anticipation of Litigation §8:107.2 Crime-Fraud Exception c. Marital §8:108 Types §8:109 Confidential Communications
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