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TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 1 Chapter 1 — Entering the Case I. The First Steps §1:01 Getting the Case §1:02 Find the Client §1:03 Tell Authorities That You Represent the Defendant §1:04 Learn Where the Client Is in the Process §1:05 Warn the Client Not to Talk About the Offense §1:06 Dealing With Pressure to Cooperate §1:07 Meeting the Client §1:08 Consultations II. Interviewing the Client A. General Points §1:10 Interview Style §1:11 Questioning Techniques §1:12 Goals of the Initial Interview §1:13 Goal #1: Immediately Necessary Information §1:14 Goal #2: The Client’s Understanding of His Legal Rights §1:15 Goal #3: Obtain All the Facts §1:16 Goal #4: Instill Trust and Confidence B. Specific Cases §1:20 Misdemeanor Charges §1:21 Murder Charges §1:22 Theft Charges §1:23 Motor Vehicle Accidents §1:24 Fraud and Business Crime Charges III. Communicating in Special Environments §1:30 Preserving Confidentiality §1:31 Going to Jail §1:32 Telephone Conversations §1:33 E-Mail Communication §1:34 Self-Preservation IV. Joint Agreements and Appearances §1:40 Joint Representation §1:41 Joint Defense Agreements §1:42 Entering Your Appearance V. Forms Form 1-1 Representation Letter Form 1-2 Medical and Mental Health Release for Records Form 1-3 Joint Defense Agreement Form 1-4 Notice of Appearance—State Form 1-5 Notice of Appearance—Federal
Chapter 2 — The Representation Agreement I. General Points §2:01 The Representation Agreement §2:02 Defining the Scope of the Representation §2:03 The Scope of the Representation in Court Appointed Cases II. Fee Arrangements and Billing §2:10 Types of Fee Arrangements; Retainers §2:11 Refundable Retainers §2:12 Estimating the Retainer §2:13 Nonrefundable Retainers §2:14 Accepting Cash §2:15 Third-Party Payors §2:16 Billing §2:17 Adjusting the Fee Arrangement According to the Case III. Forms Form 2-1 Engagement Letter—Hourly Billing Form 2-2 Engagement Letter—Flat Fee Form 2-3 Engagement Letter—Evergreen Retainer Form 2-4 Engagement Letter—Multiple Clients Form 2-5 IRS Form 8300 Form 2-6 IRS Demand for Supplementation of Form 8300
Chapter 3 — Arrest & Initial Appearance I. The Arrest §3:01 The Defendant’s Journey §3:02 Minor Offenses §3:03 Finding Your Client After Arrest §3:04 Consequences of an Illegal Arrest II. Police Post-Arrest Investigation §3:10 Authorized Procedures §3:11 Refusal to Cooperate With Investigation §3:12 Attorney’s Role in the Police Investigation III. The Appearance A. Procedure §3:20 Initial Appearance Procedures §3:21 Distinction Between Initial Appearance and Arraignment §3:22 Counsel’s Function at the Initial Appearance or Arraignment B. Plea Bargaining §3:30 Plea Bargaining at Initial Appearance §3:31 Plea Bargaining at Arraignment §3:32 Pre-Trial Diversion C. Special Situations §3:40 Mental Evaluation §3:41 Medical Needs §3:42 The Media §3:43 Prosecution Witnesses D. Delay in Initial Appearance §3:50 Right to Prompt Determination §3:51 Remedy for Excessive Delay §3:52 Effect of Delay on Statements IV. Forms Form 3-1 Notice of Intent to Testify Before the Grand Jury (New York Statute) Form 3-2 Checklist for Initial Appearance or Arraignment Form 3-3 Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus for Delay in Initial Appearance
Chapter 4 — Bail & Pre-trial Release I. General Points §4:01 Bail Is a Release on Conditions §4:02 The Importance of Bail and Release §4:03 Stationhouse Bail §4:04 Bail Bond Agencies II. Constitutional Limits §4:10 Excessive Bail Shall Not Be Required §4:11 Preventive Detention §4:12 Bail Can Be Beyond Defendant’s Means §4:13 Due Process Arguments III. Types of Bail §4:20 Unsecured Bonds §4:21 Cash Bonds §4:22 Surety Bonds §4:23 Real Property Bonds IV. Preparing for the Hearing A. Determining the Amount §4:30 Relevant Factors §4:31 Bail Agency Evaluations §4:32 The Attorney’s Role With the Bail Agency B. Bail and Source Hearings §4:40 Preparation for the Bail Hearing §4:41 The Presentation at the Hearing §4:42 Dealing With a Past Failure §4:43 Having the Defendant Testify §4:44 “Source” Hearings V. Conditions of Release §4:50 General Points §4:51 Travel Restrictions §4:52 Waiver of Extradition §4:53 Curfew and Notification of Contact Changes §4:54 Drug and Alcohol Use §4:55 Consent to Searches §4:56 Psychiatric Evaluation or Treatment §4:57 Prohibitions Against Certain Contacts §4:58 Third Party Custodians §4:59 Electronic Monitoring VI. Specific Cases §4:70 Violent Crimes §4:71 Drug Offenses §4:72 Fraud Offenses §4:73 Minor Offenses VII. Post Hearing or Trial Proceedings §4:80 Appealing the Bail Decision §4:81 Bail Forfeiture and Remission §4:82 Readmission to Bail §4:83 Credit for Time Spent in Pre-Trial or Pre-Sentence Custody §4:84 Credit in Two-Jurisdiction Situations §4:85 Bail Pending Sentencing and Appeal §4:86 Self-Reporting to Prison VIII. Forms Form 4-1 Bail Questionnaire Form 4-2 Motion to Modify Bail Conditions to Permit Travel
Chapter 5 — Extradition I. Interstate Procedures A. Detainers §5:01 Definition & Process §5:02 Effect §5:03 Interstate Agreement on Detainers (IAD) Allows Notification §5:04 IAD Prosecution-Initiated Request for Temporary Custody §5:05 Exceptions to the IAD §5:06 Using the IAD for Your Client B. Interstate Extradition §5:10 The Uniform Criminal Extradition Act (UCEA) §5:11 Extradition Is Mandatory Upon Request §5:12 Improper Extradition §5:13 The Extradition Process §5:14 Habeas Corpus and Review of Extradition Warrant §5:15 Federal Habeas Corpus §5:16 Try to Prevent Interrogation During Extradition Proceedings §5:17 Credit for Time During Extradition Proceedings §5:18 Bail During Extradition Proceedings §5:19 Defendants Under Criminal Prosecution in Asylum State C. Federal District Transfers §5:30 Hearing Procedure §5:31 Bail Pending Transfer §5:32 Travel Expenses II. Foreign Country Procedures A. Extradition §5:40 Requests Are Handled by the Department of Justice §5:41 General Procedure §5:42 The Extradition Hearing §5:43 Defenses §5:44 The Review Process §5:45 Unlawful Flight to Avoid Prosecution B. Prisoner Transfers §5:50 Transfer Is According to a Treaty §5:51 Requesting a Transfer III. Forms Form 5-1 Request for Disposition Under Interstate Agreement on Detainers Form 5-2 Certificate of Inmate Status Form 5-3 IAD Offer to Deliver Temporary Custody Form 5-4 Client Letter Invoking Right to Counsel
Chapter 6 — Experts & Investigators I. Requesting Expert & Investigative Assistance §6:01 Federal Constitution §6:02 State Statutes §6:03 Proof of Need §6:04 Preparing the Motion §6:05 Apply Ex Parte II. Investigators A. Choosing to Use an Investigator §6:10 Use a Specialist for Interviewing Witnesses §6:11 Advantages of a Private Investigator §6:12 Attorney Participation in Investigation §6:13 Choosing an Investigator §6:14 Alternatives to Private Investigators B. Conducting the Investigation §6:20 Narrow the Scope §6:21 Basic Steps §6:22 Interview Basics §6:23 Interview Pitches and Techniques §6:24 Ethical Constraints C. Interference With Investigation §6:30 Prosecution Interference §6:31 Witnesses Represented by Counsel §6:32 Your Witnesses D. Discovery Requirements §6:40 Interview Statements §6:41 Recorded Interviews §6:42 Investigator’s Notes III. Experts A. General Points §6:50 Use Experts Whenever Possible §6:51 Choosing and Investigating the Expert §6:52 Communicating With Your Expert §6:53 Preparing the Expert Report §6:54 Disclosing the Expert Report §6:55 Avoiding Disclosure of the Unfavorable Opinion B. The Daubert Standard §6:60 The Daubert Decision §6:61 Factors to Determine Reliability §6:62 Daubert Hearings §6:63 Presence of the Jury §6:64 The Daubert Expert §6:65 Constitutional Issues C. Specific Types of Experts §6:70 General Points §6:71 Modus Operandi Experts §6:72 Defense Law Enforcement Experts §6:73 Handwriting Experts §6:74 Image Authentication Analysts §6:75 Psychiatrists §6:76 Bite Mark Identification Experts §6:77 Eyewitness and Confession Experts IV. Forms Form 6-1 Motion for Appointment of an Investigator Form 6-2 Motion for Appointment of a Psychiatric Expert Form 6-3 Engagement Letter for Expert or Investigator
Chapter 7 — Search & Seizure I. General Points §7:01 Current State of the Law §7:02 The Defense Goals §7:03 Begin With the Federal Constitutional Standards II. Identifying Search and Seizure Claims A. Establishing a Claim §7:10 Checklist for Suppression Issues §7:11 Establishing a Search §7:12 Seizure of a Person §7:13 Seizure of Property §7:14 Establishing Police Action §7:15 Standing §7:16 Private Searches B. Abandonment §7:20 Relinquishing the Privacy Interest §7:21 Disclaiming an Interest §7:22 Dropsy Cases III. Search Warrants §7:30 Basic Requirements §7:31 Situations When a Warrant Does Not Protect a Search §7:32 Attacking Warrants §7:33 Overbroad Warrants §7:34 Officers’ Experience and Expectations §7:35 Identification of Items to Be Seized §7:36 Unsealing Search Warrant Affidavits IV. Dealing With the Search §7:40 Advice During the Search §7:41 Post-Search Conclusions and Advice V. Specific Types of Searches A. Terry Stops §7:50 Investigative Stop Allowed on Reasonable Suspicion §7:51 Analyze the Details of the Tip §7:52 Analyze the Police Action B. Automobile Stops and Searches §7:60 Automobile Stop Rules §7:61 Police Authority to Search §7:62 Challenge the Reasonable Suspicion or Probable Cause C. Inventory Searches §7:70 Inventory Search Rules §7:71 Attacking an Inventory Search D. Plain View §7:80 Plain View Search Rules §7:81 Attacking a Plain View Search E. Search of Computers §7:90 Computer Search Rules §7:91 Challenge Based on the File Name §7:92 Challenge Based on the Search Method §7:93 Preserve the Evidence §7:94 Move for the Return of the Property F. Consent Searches §7:100 Consent Search Rules §7:101 Consent by a Third Party §7:102 Challenge Voluntariness §7:103 Challenge the Probable Cause or Reasonable Suspicion §7:104 Challenge Third Party’s Authority Regarding a Computer §7:105 Emphasize the Client’s Cooperation VI. Suppression Hearings §7:110 Keep Allegations to a Minimum §7:111 Allege the Necessary Facts §7:112 Avoid Client Affidavits §7:113 Timing of the Suppression Hearing §7:114 Conducting the Hearing §7:115 Examination of Police Officer §7:116 Avoid Having the Client Testify VII. Return of Property §7:120 Property of Little Probative Value §7:121 Protecting Privileges VIII. Forms Form 7-1 Federal Search Warrant Based on Affidavit(s) Form 7-2 Federal Search Warrant Upon Oral Testimony Form 7-3 Motion to Unseal Search Warrant Affidavit Form 7-4 Motion to Suppress & Supporting Brief (Automobile Stop) Form 7-5 Motion to Suppress & Supporting Brief (Search of Apartment) Form 7-6 Motion to Suppress With Citation of Authorities Form 7-7 Motion for Return of Property Under FRCrP 41 & Supporting Brief
Chapter 8 — Interrogations, Confessions, and Other Statements I. Interrogations and Confessions A. General Points §8:01 Move to Suppress §8:02 Working With a Confession B. The Fourth Amendment §8:10 Statements Are Suppressed if Arrest Is Illegal §8:11 Burden Is on Prosecutor C. Miranda §8:20 Necessity for Miranda Warnings §8:21 Custody for Purposes of Miranda §8:22 Miranda Waivers §8:23 Miranda Exceptions: Booking and Pedigree Questions §8:24 Miranda Exceptions: Public Safety §8:25 Miranda Violations D. Right to Counsel §8:30 Fifth Amendment (Before Charge) §8:31 Asserting the Fifth Amendment Right to Counsel §8:32 Sixth Amendment Post-Charge Right to Counsel §8:33 Waiver of Right to Counsel §8:34 State and Ethical Right to Counsel Rules E. Involuntary Confessions §8:40 General Points §8:41 Totality of the Circumstances §8:42 Threats or Appeals to Friendship §8:43 Weakened Defendants §8:44 Misrepresentations §8:45 Fabricated Evidence §8:46 Burden of Proof §8:47 The Common Law Rule of Unreliability §8:48 Procedure for Challenging the Confession §8:49 Preparing an Involuntariness Claim §8:50 Expert Testimony F. Dealing With the Confession at Trial §8:60 The Unrecorded But Noted Confession §8:61 The Confession Nowhere Noted §8:62 The Recorded Confession §8:63 Corpus Delicti §8:64 The “Humane” or Massachusetts Rule G. Use of the Defendant’s Silence §8:70 General Points §8:71 Pre-Arrest Silence §8:72 Post-Arrest, Pre-Miranda Silence §8:73 Post-Arrest, Post-Miranda Silence II. Other Statements A. The Fifth Amendment §8:80 Invoking the Fifth Amendment Privilege §8:81 No Adverse Inferences May Be Drawn §8:82 Civil or Administrative Proceedings B. Exculpatory Statements §8:90 False Exculpatory Statements §8:91 Exculpatory Statements III. Forms Form 8-1 Motion and Supporting Brief to Suppress Statements (Unknowing Waiver) Form 8-2 Motion and Supporting Brief to Suppress Statements (Custody, Invocation of Right to Remain Silent)
Chapter 9 — Identification Procedures I. Pre-trial A. Procedures and Techniques §9:01 General Points §9:02 Types of Identification Procedures §9:03 Constitutional Restrictions on Procedures §9:04 Due Process Protection §9:05 The Right to Counsel §9:06 Counsel’s Function at the Line-Up §9:07 Motions to Dictate Line-Up Procedures B. Better Line-Ups §9:10 General Points; Research Resources §9:11 The “Double-Blind” Line-Up §9:12 Instructions to the Witness §9:13 The Blank Line-Up §9:14 The Sequential Display C. Defense-Requested Line-Ups §9:20 General Points §9:21 Court Discretion to Order Line-Up §9:22 When to Request a Line-Up §9:23 Including Another Suspect II. Trial A. The In-Court Show-Up §9:30 General Points §9:31 Moving for an Alternative §9:32 Make Motion Before the Pre-Trial Hearing B. Motion to Suppress Identification Testimony §9:40 The Wade Hearing §9:41 Benefits of a Hearing §9:42 Examining the Officer at the Hearing §9:43 Examining the Eyewitness at the Hearing C. Witness Examination at Trial §9:50 Attack Credibility §9:51 Avoid Questioning About Certainty §9:52 Be Cautious About Questioning About Duration D. Expert Testimony at Trial §9:60 Trend Is to Allow Court Discretion §9:61 Develop Specific Basis for Misidentification E. Jury Instructions §9:70 Focus on Specific Factors §9:71 Burden of Proof §9:72 Witness Confidence III. Forms Form 9-1 Motion for Double Blind Sequential Line-Up Form 9-2 Motion to Suppress Pre-Trial and In-Court Identification Form 9-3 Basic Jury Instruction Form 9-4 Instruction Based on Cross Racial Identification Form 9-5 Instruction Based on Inadequate Instructions During Line-Up
Chapter 10 — Preliminary Hearings I. General Points §10:01 The Right to a Preliminary Hearing §10:02 Preemption by Grand Jury Indictment §10:03 Timing §10:04 The Standard of Proof §10:05 Making a Record §10:06 Applicability of the Rules of Evidence §10:07 The Arresting Officer §10:08 Cross-Examination II. Defense Objectives §10:10 Dismissal or a Reduction in Charges §10:11 Bail Reduction §10:12 Discovery §10:13 Locking In Testimony III. Preparation §10:20 General Points §10:21 Interview the Client §10:22 Obtain All Charging Papers and Police Reports §10:23 Visit the Scene §10:24 Interview Defense Witnesses IV. Examples of Cross-Examination Questions §10:30 General Techniques §10:31 Drug Sale §10:32 Rape Case—Consent Defense §10:33 Robbery Case—Possible Identification Defense §10:34 False Billing §10:35 Aggravated Assault V. Common Issues §10:40 The “Fishing Expedition/Discovery” Objection §10:41 To Impeach or Not? §10:42 Waiver §10:43 Calling Witnesses §10:44 Unavailable Witness—Preliminary Testimony Generally Admissible §10:45 Unavailable Witness—Prosecution Must Prove Unavailability §10:46 Unavailable Witness—Reliability Satisfied by Opportunity to Cross-Examine §10:47 Unavailable Witness—Impeachment §10:48 Review of the Bind-Over Decision §10:49 Rearrest After Dismissal VI. Forms Form 10-1 Demand for Preliminary Hearing Form 10-2 Request for Continuance Form 10-3 Discovery Letter Form 10-4 Subpoena for Records Form 10-5 Letter Confirming Plea Offer Form 10-6 Letter Upon Dismissal
Chapter 11 — Forfeiture I. Background and Theories §11:01 General Points §11:02 The Three Theories of Forfeiture II. Commencing a Forfeiture Action §11:10 Civil Actions §11:11 Administrative Actions §11:12 Criminal Actions §11:13 Filing a Claim III. Third Parties §11:20 Attorneys’ Fees §11:21 Bona Fide Purchaser for Value §11:22 Innocent Owners IV. Common Issues §11:30 Whether to Litigate the Forfeiture Action §11:31 Stays V. Forms Form 11-1 Claim Form 11-2 Answer to Forfeiture Complaint—Federal Form 11-3 Answer to Forfeiture Complaint—State Form 11-4 Forfeiture Plea Agreement Language Form 11-5 Motion for Stay
Chapter 12 — Grand Jury Practice I. General Points §12:01 Grand Juries Are an Investigative Tool §12:02 Grand Juries’ Proceedings Are Secret §12:03 Alternative Functions of Grand Juries §12:04 Grand Jury Reference Materials II. Representing a Client in an Investigation A. General Points §12:10 Three Categories: Target, Subject, Witness §12:11 Determining Your Client’s Status B. Targets §12:20 The Target Letter §12:21 Representing a Target §12:22 The Target’s Testimony in the Grand Jury §12:23 Deciding Whether to Allow a Target to Testify C. Subjects §12:30 Representing a Subject §12:31 Four Principal Strategies D. Witnesses §12:40 Representing a Witness §12:41 Demanding Immunity §12:42 Representing Multiple Witnesses III. Dealing With a Subpoena A. Subpoena for Testimony 1. General Points §12:50 Accept Service and Request an Informal Interview §12:51 Office Subpoenas §12:52 Immunity §12:53 Subsequent Prosecution of the Immunized Witness 2. Interview Protections §12:60 General Points §12:61 The “Queen for a Day” Agreement §12:62 Plea Negotiation Immunity §12:63 Attorney Proffers B. Document Production 1. The Fifth Amendment Privilege §12:70 General Points §12:71 Individuals §12:72 Organizations 2. Complying With the Document Subpoena §12:80 General Points §12:81 Accept Service §12:82 Negotiate the Scope of the Response §12:83 Negotiate Production by Stages §12:84 Ask for More Time §12:85 Track the Documents You Produce §12:86 Offer an Affidavit From the Custodian IV. The Grand Jury Proceeding A. Preparation 1. Investigating the Grand Jury §12:90 General Points §12:91 Gelbard Motions §12:92 Attempts to Silence Witnesses 2. Preparing Your Client §12:100 Your Role §12:101 Explaining the Process to Your Client §12:102 Preparing Your Client to Testify B. Objections and Privileges §12:110 Objections §12:111 Privileges §12:112 The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination C. After the Testimony §12:120 Debriefing Your Client After His Testimony §12:121 Declination D. Prosecutorial Misconduct §12:130 General Points §12:131 Presenting Perjured Testimony §12:132 Subpoenaing a Defense Attorney §12:133 Failure to Present Exculpatory Evidence §12:134 Insufficiency of the Evidence §12:135 Using the Grand Jury to Prepare for Trial §12:136 The Perjury Trap V. Forms Form 12-1 Sample Target Letter Form 12-2 Immunity Request Form Form 12-3 Motion for Order Granting Immunity Form 12-4 Court Order of Use Immunity Form 12-5 Letter Immunity Form 12-6 “Queen for a Day” Agreement Form 12-7 Proffer Letter Form 12-8 Act of Production Immunity Letter Form 12-9 Affidavit by Document Custodian Form 12-10 Gelbard Motion Form 12-11 Sample Subpoena Advising Witness Not to Speak With Defense Form 12-12 Letter Informing Grand Jury Witness of Ability to Speak With the Defense Form 12-13 Invocation of Rights Card Form 12-14 Letter Requesting a Declination Letter Form 12-15 Letter Requesting the Presentation of Exculpatory Evidence
Chapter 13 — Mental Health Issues I. Competency §13:01 The Standard for Competency §13:02 Conducting Your Own Evaluation §13:03 Whether to Raise Your Client’s Incompetence §13:04 Providing a Witness to the Client’s Competency §13:05 Requesting a Court-Ordered Evaluation §13:06 The Court Evaluation and Hearing §13:07 Commitment for Treatment §13:08 Forced Medication of Your Client II. Insanity §13:10 The Definition of Insanity §13:11 Whether to Risk an Insanity Defense §13:12 Providing Notice of an Insanity Defense §13:13 Guilty But Mentally Ill §13:14 Post-Verdict Considerations III. Other Mental Health Defenses §13:20 Negating Mens Rea §13:21 Retardation or Other Illness §13:22 Establishing Relevancy of Mental Illness Evidence IV. Mental Health Court §13:30 The Mental Health Court Procedure §13:31 Qualifying for a Mental Health Court §13:32 Whether to Seek a Mental Health Court V. Prosecution’s Psychiatric Examination §13:40 Waiver of the Privilege Against Self-Incrimination Allows a Prosecution Examination §13:41 Rights After Abandonment of a Mental State Defense §13:42 Rights During the Psychiatric Examination §13:43 Limiting the Scope of the Prosecution’s Psychiatric Examination §13:44 Limiting the Use of the Prosecution’s Psychiatric Examination §13:45 Limiting the Prosecution’s Access to the Psychiatric Examination VI. Forms Form 13-1 Motion for Appointment of Psychologist Form 13-2 Notice of Insanity Defense
Chapter 14 — Discovery I. General Points §14:01 Discovery Procedure §14:02 Scope of Discovery Rules II. Discovery Items A. The Defendant’s Statements §14:10 Your Client’s Statements §14:11 Co-Defendant’s Statements B. Documents §14:20 The Defense Is Entitled to Certain Documents §14:21 Dealing With Voluminous Documents C. Expert Reports §14:30 The Defense Is Entitled to Certain Expert Reports §14:31 Summaries of Qualifications and Opinion §14:32 Underlying Data for Expert’s Opinion D. Witness Identities and Statements §14:40 Disclosure Is Within the Trial Court’s Discretion §14:41 Informal Discovery §14:42 Brady Motion §14:43 Witness Statements III. Discovery Tools §14:50 Omnibus Motion §14:51 Notice of Prior Bad Acts §14:52 Subpoenas §14:53 Bill of Particulars IV. Defense Discovery Obligations §14:60 Reciprocal Discovery and Notice of Defenses §14:61 No Requirement to Disclose Harmful Evidence V. Brady Disclosures §14:70 The Prosecutor’s Obligation to Disclose Exculpatory Evidence §14:71 Materiality §14:72 Demanding Brady Material §14:73 Timing of Brady Disclosures §14:74 Look to Local Rules and Rules of Professional Conduct §14:75 A Production Order Allows Sanctions VI. Daubert Discovery §14:80 General Points §14:81 The Daubert Hearing VII. Forms Form 14-1 Informal Discovery Request Form 14-2 Discovery Letter Form 14-3 Specific Brady Motion Form 14-4 Omnibus Pre-Trial Motion Form 14-5 Federal Omnibus Pre-Trial Motion Form 14-6 Ex Parte Motion for Subpoena Duces Tecum Form 14-7 Request for Bill of Particulars
Chapter 15 — Motion Practice I. General Points §15:01 Pre-Trial Motions §15:02 Motion Procedures §15:03 Deciding Whether to Forego Motions II. Statute of Limitations §15:10 Generally Five Years for Felonies §15:11 Measuring the Limitations Period §15:12 Raising the Issue of the Limitations Period III. Failure to State an Offense §15:20 Indictment Must Allege Every Necessary Element §15:21 Defect Can Be Raised at Any Time IV. Multiplicity and Duplicity §15:30 Duplicity §15:31 Multiplicity V. Speedy Trial Violations §15:40 The Speedy Trial Guarantee §15:41 Evaluating Whether to Waive Speedy Trial Protections VI. Severance and Misjoinder §15:50 General Points §15:51 Multiple Charges Against a Single Defendant §15:52 Multiple Defendants and Evidence Issues §15:53 Multiple Defendants and Guilt by Association §15:54 Multiple Defendants and Antagonistic Defenses §15:55 The Quality of Co-Counsel VII. Prosecutorial Misconduct §15:60 Types of Misconduct §15:61 Motions to Dismiss for Prosecutorial Misconduct VIII. Change of Venue §15:70 Due Process Requirements §15:71 Providing a Sufficient Factual Basis §15:72 Benefits of the Motion IX. Forms Form 15-1 Motion to Dismiss on Statute of Limitations Form 15-2 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State an Offense, Duplicity Form 15-3 Duplicity Motion Form 15-4 Motion to Sever Form 15-5 Motion to Dismiss, to Gag, and for Change of Venue
Chapter 16 — [Reserved]
Volume 2
Chapter 17 — Plea Bargaining I. Introduction A. General Points §17:01 Most Cases End With a Bargain §17:02 Two Types of Bargains B. Charge Bargains §17:10 Definition §17:11 When Sentences Merge §17:12 Avoid Collateral Consequences §17:13 Minimize the Counts C. Sentence Bargains §17:20 Definition §17:21 Involvement of the Judge Varies §17:22 Jurisdictions With Sentencing Guidelines §17:23 Right to Withdraw Plea §17:24 Have the Prosecutor Take No Position §17:25 Pre-Sentence Investigation §17:26 No Arrest Clauses II. Special Pleas §17:30 The Open Plea §17:31 Appeal Waivers §17:32 Bench Trial With Stipulated Facts §17:33 No Contest Pleas III. When to Enter a Guilty Plea §17:40 Reasons for an Early Plea §17:41 Reasons for Pleading Later IV. Collateral Consequences §17:50 The Duty to Advise the Client §17:51 Summary of Significant Collateral Consequences §17:52 Waivers of Non-Jurisdictional Defects §17:53 Immigration Consequences §17:54 Sex Offender Registration V. Cooperation; Consequences & Procedures §17:60 Advantages of Cooperation §17:61 Risks of Cooperation §17:62 The Carrot and Stick to Cooperation §17:63 Prosecutor’s Discretion to Assess the Value of the Cooperation §17:64 Practical Protections VI. Alternative Dispositions §17:70 Diversion Programs for Minor Offenses §17:71 Disadvantages of Diversion Programs §17:72 Creative Agreements VII. Preparing Your Client §17:80 It Is Your Client’s Decision §17:81 Know Your Case §17:82 Know Your Client §17:83 Gain Your Client’s Trust §17:84 Play Out the Trial §17:85 Enlist the Help of Family and Friends §17:86 Give Your Client Time and Attention §17:87 Be Cognizant of Your Own Interests §17:88 Preparing Your Client for the Plea §17:89 Taking the Plea VIII. Post-Plea Proceedings A. Enforcing Plea Agreements §17:100 Agreements Are Interpreted by Contract Principles §17:101 Making a Record §17:102 Off-the-Record Agreements B. Motions to Withdraw Guilty Pleas §17:110 Withdrawing Plea Before Sentencing §17:111 Withdrawing Plea After Sentencing §17:112 Discussing the Withdrawal With the Client C. Expungements §17:120 Authority for Expungements §17:121 Effect of Expungement D. Pardons §17:130 Procedure §17:131 Effect IX. Forms Form 17-1 ARD Application Form 17-2 Diversion Motion Form 17-3 Diversion Agreement Form 17-4 Diversion Order Form 17-5 Diversion Restitution Schedule Form 17-6 Sample Plea Agreement (Federal) Form 17-7 Sample Plea Agreement (Federal) With Cooperation and Stipulated Factual Basis Form 17-8 Written Plea Colloquy Form 17-9 Script for Federal Plea Colloquy Form 17-10 Expungement Order (Pennsylvania) Form 17-11 Partial Expungement Motion (Pennsylvania)
Chapter 18 — Representing Victims and Witnesses I. General Points §18:01 The Role of a Defense Lawyer §18:02 Ensure Your Client Is Just a Witness §18:03 Victims’ Statutory Rights §18:04 Private Prosecutions §18:05 Protect the Prosecution II. Initial Steps §18:10 Explain the Process §18:11 Deciding Whether to Go to the Police §18:12 Package the Case for Prosecution III. Protecting Your Client §18:20 Police Protection and Bail Recommendation §18:21 Motions to Quash §18:22 Whistleblowers §18:23 Serve as Liaison With the Police and Prosecutor §18:24 Defense Access to Your Client §18:25 Post-Release Protection IV. The Cooperating Witness §18:30 The Defense Lawyer’s Policy §18:31 Preview Your Client’s Story §18:32 Rehearse Your Client Thoroughly §18:33 Attend Early Debriefings §18:34 Limit the Extent of Your Client’s Cooperation §18:35 Obtain Early Assurances From the Prosecution V. Representing the Victim at Sentencing §18:40 Three Rights at Sentencing §18:41 The Right to Be Heard §18:42 Oppose No Contest Pleas VI. Restitution and Other Compensation A. Restitution §18:50 Assist in the Recommendations §18:51 Review the Presentence Report §18:52 Converting to a Civil Judgment §18:53 Civil Remedies—Unjust Enrichment B. Compensation and Rewards §18:60 Crime Victim Compensation Funds §18:61 Rewards §18:62 Qui Tam Actions VII. Forms Form 18-1 Motion to Quash Subpoena for Testimony Form 18-2 Motion to Quash Document Subpoena Form 18-3 Victim Impact Statement Form 18-4 Unjust Enrichment Civil Complaint
Chapter 19 — Related Civil Litigation I. General Points §19:01 Civil Litigation After Criminal Proceedings §19:02 Civil Litigation Before or During Criminal Proceedings §19:03 Criminal Prosecutors’ Misuse of Civil Proceedings II. Organizations and Multiple Defendants §19:10 Need for Individual Counsel §19:11 Joint Defense Agreements §19:12 Advancing Counsel Fees III. Coordination Between Civil Litigants and Criminal Investigators §19:20 Civil Parties and Prosecution Can Share Information §19:21 Prosecution Can Not Share Grand Jury Material IV. Tax Investigations §19:30 Previously Policy Was No Concurrent Investigations §19:31 Current Policy Is to Coordinate Investigations V. Responding to Civil Discovery and Pleadings §19:40 Steps for Avoiding the Civil Action §19:41 Enter a General Denial §19:42 Answer by Proxy §19:43 Seek a Protective Order §19:44 Move to Stay the Civil Action §19:45 Invoke the Fifth VI. Tactics and Tips §19:50 Using Civil Discovery to Your Client’s Advantage §19:51 Using a Civil Settlement to Encourage Dismissal §19:52 Avoid Admissions or Preclusive Findings §19:53 Avoid Testifying in Civil Proceedings VII. Forms Form 19-1 Agreement to Indemnify Legal Fees Form 19-2 Letter Regarding Agreement to Pay Legal Fees Form 19-3 SEC Form 1662 Form 19-4 Motion to Stay Civil Proceedings
Chapter 20 — Trial I. Before Trial A. Motions in Limine §20:01 General Points §20:02 Effect on Need to Renew Objection at Trial §20:03 When to Avoid or When to Use a Motion in Limine B. Theory of Defense §20:10 The Theory Should Shift the Focus §20:11 The Theory Guides the Trial C. Change of Venue §20:20 General Points §20:21 Establishing Presumptive Prejudice D. Jury Trial Versus Non-Jury §20:30 The Client Can Waive Trial by Jury §20:31 Factors to Consider E. Final Trial Preparation §20:40 Last-Month Checklist §20:41 Trial Folder or Binder §20:42 Prepare Your Client §20:43 Obtaining Witness Statements From the Prosecutor §20:44 Trial Subpoenas II. Jury Selection A. How It Works §20:50 The Venire §20:51 Jury Selection Procedures §20:52 The Struck Jury System §20:53 The Jury Box System §20:54 Picking the Jury; Tactics and Tips B. Questionnaires §20:60 Advantages of Questionnaires §20:61 Requesting a Questionnaire C. Voir Dire §20:70 Trends and General Points §20:71 Juror Profiles and Focus Groups §20:72 Investigate Prospective Jurors §20:73 Have Your Client Present §20:74 Goals and Questions §20:75 Individual Voir Dire §20:76 Sample Topics D. Challenges for Cause §20:80 No Limit to Challenges for Cause §20:81 Court’s Discretion §20:82 The Defense Dilemma When a Challenge Is Denied E. Peremptory Challenges §20:90 Equal Protection Clause Prohibitions §20:91 Making an Equal Protection (Batson) Challenge §20:92 Defending an Equal Protection (McCollum) Challenge §20:93 Jury Pool Fair Cross Section III. Beginning the Trial §20:100 Closure of the Courtroom §20:101 The Prosecution’s Opening Statement §20:102 The Defense’s Opening Statement IV. The Prosecution Case A. Objections §20:110 Object Immediately §20:111 The Form for Objections §20:112 Use Sidebars When Necessary B. The Hearsay/Relevance Argument §20:120 The Crawford and Davis Analysis §20:121 Background of the Investigation §20:122 Victim State of Mind §20:123 Expert Testimony §20:124 Test Results C. Prior Bad Acts §20:130 Admission Leads to a Conviction §20:131 Tactics to Avoid Admission D. Cross-Examination 1. General Points §20:140 Cross-Examination Is Part of the Defense §20:141 Goals §20:142 Tactics 2. The Difficult Witness §20:150 Be Persistent §20:151 Tactics 3. Impeachment §20:160 General Points §20:161 Prior Inconsistent Statements §20:162 Introducing the Prior Statement §20:163 Prior Consistent Statements §20:164 Refreshing Recollection §20:165 Prior Bad Acts and Criminal Convictions 4. Deals with the Prosecution §20:170 Emphasize the Prosecutor’s Role §20:171 Focus on the Witness’s Understanding of the Deal §20:172 Establish the Sentence the Witness Faces §20:173 Prosecutor’s Denial of a Deal 5. Cross-Examining the Prosecution Expert §20:180 Preparing to Cross-Examine the Expert §20:181 Challenge the Factual Basis for the Opinion §20:182 Limit the Damage From the Opinion §20:183 Attacking the Opinion §20:184 Attack the Expert V. The Defense Case A. Before Presenting the Case §20:190 Motion for Judgment of Acquittal §20:191 Preparing Your Witnesses B. Defenses §20:200 SODDI (“Some Other Dude Did It”) §20:201 Consciousness of Innocence §20:202 Good Faith §20:203 Advice of Counsel §20:204 Agency §20:205 Alibi §20:206 Affirmative Defenses C. Defense Evidence §20:210 Reverse Rule 404(b) §20:211 Prior Convictions or Inconsistent Statements §20:212 Character Evidence §20:213 Consider an Offer of Proof D. The Defendant as a Witness §20:220 Whether the Defendant Should Testify J8 |
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