California Drunk Driving Law


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Table of Contents

Chapter 1:       Drunk Driving Offenses

Chapter 2:       Additional Charges

Chapter 3:       Arraignment and Pretrial Matters

Chapter 4:       Prior Convictions of Separate Offenses

Chapter 5:       Discovery

Chapter 6:       Other Pretrial Motions

Chapter 7:       Search and Seizure

Chapter 8:       [Reserved]

Chapter 9:       Trial Defense of DUI in California

Chapter 10:     Punishment

Chapter 11:     DMV Proceedings

Chapter 12:     Criminal Appeals and Civil Writs

Chapter 13:     Interstate Implications of Drunk Driving Convictions

Chapter 14:     Restitution

Chapter 1: Drunk Driving Offenses

§1:10     BASIC DRUNK DRIVING OFFENSES

§1:11       CVC §§23152(a) and (b): DUI Alcohol; 0.08% Per Se

§1:11.1      A Comparison of Subdivisions (a) and (b)

§1:11.2      Direct Breath 0.08% Per Se Offense

§1:11.3      Double Jeopardy Attack on 0.08% Per Se Statute

§1:11.4      Vagueness Attack on 0.08% Per Se Statute

§1:11.5      Direct Breath Per Se Offense Based Upon Drinking AFTER Driving

§1:11.6      “Drive”

§1:11.7      “Highway” Driving Not Required

§1:11.8      “Vehicle”

§1:11.9      Impairment by Alcohol—Sufficiency of Evidence

§1:11.10    Test Results Near the Limit—Sufficiency of Evidence

§1:11.11    Proof of Impairment Based Upon Bad Judgment

§1:11.12    Multiple Charges From Same Act or Course of Conduct

§1:11.13    Allegations of DUI Drugs Without Evidence in Support

§1:12       CVC §23152(a) Based Upon DUI Drugs

§1:12.1      Impairment to an Appreciable Degree

§1:12.2      Proof of Impairment Based Upon Bad Judgment

§1:12.3      Forensic Science Mostly Favors the Defendant

§1:12.4      Common Prescription Medications

§1:12.5      Illicit Drugs

§1:12.6      Expert Testimony and Drug Recognition Experts (DRE)

§1:12.7      NHTSA Training Materials on DRE

§1:12.8      Evidence Issues

§1:12.9      Zero Tolerance Trend Toward Drug-Related Driving Offenses

§1:12.10    Allegations of DUI Drugs Without Evidence in Support

§1:12.11    No Need to Name Every Drug

§1:13       CVC §23152(c): Driving by Addicted Person

§1:14       CVC §23152(d): Commercial 0.04% Per Se

§1:15       CVC §§23550 and 23550.5: Felony Drunk Driving Due to Prior Convictions

§1:15.1      CVC §23550: Three Priors

§1:15.2      CVC §23550.5: Felony-Punished Drunk Driving Prior Within 10 Years

§1:16       Under 21; Juveniles

§1:16.1      CVC §23136: 0.01% Admin Per Se Under 21

§1:16.2      CVC §23140: 0.05% Per Se Under 21

§1:16.3      CVC §§23152 and 23153

§1:16.4      Juvenile Drunk Driving Prosecution Procedure

§1:17       CVC §23577: Chemical Test Refusal Sentence Enhancement

§1:18       CVC §23572: Child Endangerment Sentence Enhancement

§1:19       CVC §23582: Reckless Speed Enhancement

§1:20     Felony Drunk Driving

§1:21       CVC §23153 (a) and (b)

§1:21.1      Forbidden Act or Neglected Duty; Supporting Offense

§1:21.2      Proof of Forbidden Act and Neglected Duty

§1:21.3      Pleading of Forbidden Act and Neglected Duty

§1:21.4      Double Jeopardy Attack on Supporting Offense

§1:21.5      Cause: But for, Proximate, Concurrent, Superseding and Intervening

§1:21.6      Bodily Injury to Another

§1:21.6.1         Great Bodily Injury

§1:21.7      Charging More Than One Person Injured or Killed

§1:22       CVC §23153(d): Commercial 0.04% Per Se With Injury

§1:23       DMV Action for Fatal and Serious Injury Accidents

§1:24       Felony Drunk Driving Due to Prior Convictions

§1:25       Drunk Driving Murder

§1:25.1      Causation

§1:25.2      Punishment

§1:26       Reduction to Misdemeanor

§1:30     VEHICULAR MANSLAUGHTER

§1:31       Pen. C. §191.5(a): Vehicular Manslaughter While Intoxicated With Gross Negligence

§1:31.1      Elements of the Offense

§1:31.2      Punishment

§1:32       Pen. C. §191.5: Gross Vehicular Manslaughter While Intoxicated

§1:32.1      Elements of the Offense

§1:32.2      Punishment P.C. §191.5(c)(2)

§1:32.3      Use of CVC §23140 as the Drunk Driving Offense

§1:32.4      Punishment

§1:33       Death of a Human Being

§1:33.1      Death Requires Injury

§1:33.2      Death of a Fetus

§1:33.3      Charging More Than One Person Killed

§1:34       Lesser Related vs. Lesser Included Offense of Murder

§1:35       Jury Instructions

§1:35.1      Unlawful Act

§1:35.2      Lawful Act in an Unlawful Manner

§1:35.3      Proximate Cause

§1:36       Retrial After Mistrial

§1:37       Punishment and DMV Action

§1:38       Felony Drunk Driving Due to Prior Convictions

§1:40     COMMERCIAL VEHICLES AND COMMON CARRIERS

§1:41       49 U.S.C. §§2701 et seq.: Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act

§1:41.1      Arrest and Detention for Commercial Offenses

§1:41.2      CVC §23152(d): Commercial Driving 0.04% Per Se

§1:41.3      CVC §34501.15: Commercial Driving Over 0.01% BAC

§1:41.4      Transportation Employee Drug and Alcohol Testing

§1:42       Common Carrier Operation Under Influence

§1:42.1      Pub. Util. C. §§7818, 7679 and 21407.5; Harb. & Nav. C. §655: California Common Carrier Offense

§1:42.2      18 U.S.C. §§341 et seq.: Federal Common Carrier Offense

§1:50     OTHER DRINKING/DRIVING OFFENSES

§1:51       Pen. C. §664: Attempted Drunk Driving

§1:51.1      Arrest

§1:51.2      The Offense

§1:51.3      Plea Bargaining Significance (No DMV Consequence for Attempted DUI)

§1:51.4      Right to Jury Instruction on Attempt in Drunk Driving Case

§1:52       CVC §21200.5: Drunk Bicycling

§1:53       Pen. C. §193.8: Lending Vehicle to Intoxicated Juvenile

§1:54       Drunk Boating

§1:54.1      Common Carrier Ships and Vessels

§1:54.2      California Drunk Boating

§1:54.3      Drunk Boating Diversion

§1:54.4      46 U.S.C. §2101: Federal Drunk Boating

§1:55       CVC §21221.5: “Motorized Scooter” Drunk Driving

§1:60     DUI on Federal Property

§1:60.1        Land Administered by the National Park Service

§1:60.2        Other Federal Land and the Assimilative Crimes Act (ACA)

§1:61        Right to Jury Trial

§1:62        Penalties and Sentencing

§1:63        Procedure in Federal Court

§1:63.1        Personal Appearance of Defendant Required; Exception

§1:64        Rules of Evidence in Federal Court

§1:65        Appeals in Federal Court

§1:66        Expungements in Federal Court

§1:67        Use of Federal Conviction as Prior Offense

§1:70     FEDERAL PROGRAMS

§1:70.1        Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act

§1:70.2        National Driver Register

Chapter 2: Additional Charges

§2:10     INFRACTION TRAFFIC OFFENSES

§2:11       General Information

§2:11.1      Read Fight Your Ticket

§2:11.2      Is a “Full Custodial Arrest” Legal?

§2:11.3      Pen. C. §654 and Multiple Prosecutions

§2:11.4      CVC §§21001 and 24001: “Operation” of “Vehicles” Upon the “Highways”

§2:11.5      Distinctive Uniform and Vehicle

§2:11.6      Practice Tips for Fighting Traffic Infractions

§2:11.7      Traffic Violator School and Diversion

§2:11.8      County Amnesty Programs

§2:11.9      Notice to Appear, Arrest, Custody and Bail Schedules

§2:11.10    Local Ordinances

§2:11.11    Traffic Signs and Other Traffic Control Devices

§2:11.12    Federal Enclave Prosecution of Traffic Offenses

§2:11.13    Prosecution on Citation Serving as the Complaint

§2:11.14    BAJI Instructions on Infraction Offenses

§2:11.15    Rules of Court and Standards of Judicial Administration

§2:11.16    DMV Negligent Operator Actions

§2:11.17    Fines for Traffic Infractions

§2:11.18    Police Officers as Prosecutors and Ex Parte Discussions

§2:11.19    Elevating an Infraction to a Misdemeanor

§2:12       Speeding

§2:12.1      Complaint Must Allege Speed of Vehicle

§2:12.2      Basic Speed Law

§2:12.3      Prima Facie Speed Limits

§2:12.4      Maximum Speed Limits

§2:12.5      Radar Speed Law Enforcement

§2:12.6      Validity of Speed Limit Usually an Element of the Offense

§2:12.7      CVC §23109: Speed Contest

§2:12.8      Driving Privilege Suspension for Speed Over 100 mph

§2:13       Speed Traps Generally; Remedies for Use

§2:13.1      Speed Trap Remedies for Charges Involving the Speed of a Vehicle

§2:13.2      Speed Trap Remedies Apply to Pretrial Hearings Too

§2:13.3      Speed Trap Limitations

§2:14       Measured-Section-of-Highway Speed Traps

§2:15       Radar and Lidar Speed Traps

§2:15.1      Photo Radar vs. Photo Red Light Enforcement

§2:15.2      Radar and Lidar Speed Trap With Survey Five Years Old or Less

§2:15.3      Radar and Lidar Speed Traps Using Surveys Five to Ten Years Old (January 1, 1999, Amendments to CVC §40802)

§2:15.4      CVC §40802 Applies to Unjustified Prima Facie Speed Limits

§2:15.5      CVC §40802 Applies to Laser Speed Detection and Other Electronics

§2:15.6      Prosecution Has Burden of Producing Survey

§2:15.7      Survey Must Meet Evidentiary Objections

§2:15.8      Requirements for a Proper Survey

§2:15.9      What if Survey Shows Defendant’s Speed Unsafe?

§2:15.10    What if Defendant Exceeded the Maximum Speed Limit in a Prima Facie Speed Zone?

§2:15.11    No Visual Estimates of Speed

§2:16       Lack of Insurance: Criminal Prosecution

§2:16.1      At Time of Vehicle Registration

§2:16.2      Criminal Offense for No Evidence of Insurance at Time of Accident or Notice to Appear

§2:16.3      Exchange of Information Regarding Accident

§2:16.4      Driving Privilege Suspension Following Accident

§2:17       Motorcycle Violations

§2:17.1      O.K. to Use Car Pool Lanes

§2:17.2      Helmets

§2:18       Illegal U-Turn

§2:19       Stop Signs (What Does “At the Limit Line” Mean?)

§2:20       License Plate Offenses

§2:20.1      Rear License Plate Light

§2:20.2      Missing Front License Plate

§2:20.3      Stealth License Plates

§2:21       Seatbelt and Child Restraint Offenses

§2:22       Traffic Signals—Red Lights

§2:22.1      The Statutes

§2:22.2      Automated Enforcement Systems—Red Lights and Rail Crossings

§2:23       Rail Crossings

§2:24       Stop and Yield Signs, Signaling and Left Turns

§2:25       Construction and Maintenance Areas

§2:25.1      Offense Enhancement

§2:25.2      Construction Equipment in Construction Area Exempt From Rules of the Road

§2:26       Tinted Windows

§2:27       Double Fine Zone Pilot Project

§2:28       Off-Highway Vehicles

§2:30     SUSPENDED, REVOKED, or restricted LICENSE—CRIMINAL PROSECUTION

§2:31       Elements of the Suspension/Revocation Offenses

§2:31.1      Reason for Suspension/Revocation

§2:31.2      CVC §14601: Bad Driver Offense

§2:31.3      CVC §14601.1: Catch-All Offense

§2:31.4      CVC §14601.2: Drunk Driving Conviction Offense

§2:31.5      CVC §14601.2: Using Unconstitutional Drunk Driving Conviction

§2:31.6      CVC §14601.3: Habitual Offender Offense

§2:31.7      CVC §14601.4: Drunk Driving/Manslaughter Conviction Offense With Injury

§2:31.8      CVC §14601.5: Stop ‘n Snatch Suspension, Revocation and Restriction

§2:31.9      CVC §14603: Non-Drunk Driving Conviction Restrictions

§2:31.10    CVC §14604: Loaning a Vehicle to a Suspended, Revoked or Unlicensed Driver

§2:31.11    Highway vs. Non-Highway and Private Property

§2:31.12    Extension of Suspension Start Date for Mailed Order

§2:31.13    What Offense After Suspension/Revocation Time Expires?

§2:31.14    Suspension/Revocation Reportable on Driver’s License Record

§2:31.15    The Knowledge Element

§2:32       The Knowledge Element

§2:32.1      Offenses Prior to January 1, 1995

§2:32.2      Offenses On or After January 1, 1995

§2:33       Defenses

§2:33.1      Voluntary Intoxication

§2:33.2      Necessity, Medical Emergency

§2:34       Restrictions and Exceptions Allow Some Driving

§2:34.1      Highway vs. Non-Highway

§2:34.2      Employer’s Vehicle on Employer’s Property

§2:34.3      Lack of Insurance—Mental Exception and Work Restriction

§2:34.4      DMV’s Broad Authority to Issue Restricted Driver’s License

§2:34.5      Motorized Electric Bicycle

§2:35       Punishment

§2:35.1      Punishment Chart for Driving Under Suspension or Revocation

§2:35.2      It’s a Misdemeanor

§2:35.3      Mostly Two-Point Offenses

§2:35.4      Restitution Not Proper

§2:35.5      CVC §23592: Vehicle Impoundment in Criminal Proceeding

§2:35.6      Home Detention Pilot Project

§2:36       Petition for Reinstatement of Revoked License

§2:37       Driving Beyond Scope of Restricted License

§2:40     SUSPENDED OR REVOKED LICENSE—CIVIL IMPOUNDMENT/FORFEITURE

§2:41       Before January 1, 1995

§2:42       30-Day Impound Beginning January 1, 1995

§2:42.1      CVC §14602.6: Statutory Provisions

§2:42.2      Release of Vehicle Without Current Registration

§2:42.3      Innocent Owners, Legal Owners and Rental Agencies

§2:42.4      Due Process Rights

§2:42.5      Knowledge of the Suspension

§2:42.6      Exemption for Child Support Suspension

§2:42.7      Efficacy of Vehicle Impoundment Program as Deterrent

§2:43       Forfeiture Beginning January 1, 1995

§2:43.1      CVC §14607.6: Statutory Provisions

§2:43.2      Release of Vehicle Without Current Registration

§2:43.3      Innocent Owner Defense

§2:43.4      Hearing Time Limits

§2:43.5      Due Process Rights

§2:43.6      Knowledge of the Suspension

§2:43.7      No Exemption for Child Support Suspension

§2:44       Post-Storage Hearing Due Process Rights

§2:44.1      Notice and Opportunity for Post-Storage Hearing

§2:44.2      Right to a Meaningful Post-Storage Hearing

§2:44.3      Remedies for Denial of Due Process

§2:44.4      Judicial Review Following Post-Storage Hearing

§2:45       CHP Vehicle Procedures Manual

§2:46       Innocent Owner Defense

§2:47       Release of Vehicle Without Current Registration

§2:48       Halper Double Punishment Issues

§2:49       Reimbursement of Expenses for DMV Error

§2:50     RECKLESS DRIVING

§2:51       Reckless Driving Without Injury: CVC §23103

§2:51.1      Jury Instruction on Elements—Regressive Evolution

§2:51.2      “Willful or Wanton Disregard”

§2:51.3      “Highway” and “Vehicle”

§2:52       Reckless Driving With Injury: CVC §23104

§2:53       Punishment

§2:53.1      Criminal Case

§2:53.2      DMV Action

§2:53.3      Vehicle Impound in Separate Proceedings

§2:54       In Drunk Driving Case

§2:54.1      Plea Bargain Reduction to Reckless Driving

§2:54.2      Reckless Driving Conviction Not Useable as a Drunk Driving Sentence Enhancement

§2:54.3      Reckless Driving/Speeding Enhancement

§2:54.4      Vehicle Impound in Separate Proceedings

§2:60     DRIVER’S LICENSE OFFENSES

§2:61       Driving Without Being Licensed

§2:61.1      Civil Impoundment and Forfeiture

§2:61.2      Detention for Unlicensed Driving

§2:61.3      Aliens and Immigrants

§2:61.4      Foreign Commercial Driver’s License

§2:61.5      International Driver’s License and Permits

§2:61.6      Burden of Proof

§2:61.7      Non-Resident: Jury Instruction

§2:62       Failure to Possess and Failure to Display

§2:63       Loaning a Vehicle to Suspended, Revoked or Unlicensed Driver

§2:64       Fraudulent Driver’s License

§2:70     HIT & RUN: CVC §§16025, 20001 & 20002

§2:71       Duty to Stop and Provide Information

§2:71.1      CVC §16025: Following Any Accident

§2:71.2      CVC §20002: Following Accident Without Injury

§2:71.3      CVC §20001: Following Accident With Injury

§2:71.4      Unconscious Driver

§2:71.5      Driver Not Readily Apparent as Having Been Involved

§2:71.6      Multiple Victims

§2:71.7      Un-Mirandized Admissions Useable by Prosecution

§2:72       “Accident” Equals “Willful”

§2:73       Punishment

§2:73.1      Jail and Fine

§2:73.2      Enhancement for Injury

§2:73.3      No Injury Enhancement Without Proximate Cause

§2:73.4      DMV Action

§2:73.5      Manslaughter Enhancement

§2:73.6      Restitution

§2:73.7      State Bar Discipline

§2:73.8      Suspension/Revocation for Commercial Drivers

§2:74       Civil Compromise

§2:80     Other Charges

§2:81       Open Container Violations

§2:81.1      Elements of Various Offenses

§2:81.2      Local Government May Not Regulate Possession or Transportation of Alcoholic Beverages

§2:82       Under 21 and Juvenile Alcohol Offense Suspensions

§2:82.1      0.01% Infraction and APS Suspension

§2:82.2      CVC §13202.5: One-Year Suspension for Alcohol Offenses

§2:82.2.1         Validity and Construction

§2:82.2.2         Triggering Alcohol and Drug Offenses

§2:82.2.3         Procedure

§2:82.2.4         Ignition Interlock Device

§2:82.3      30-Day Restriction for Juvenile With Two Points in a Year

§2:82.4      6-Month Suspension and DMV Probation for Juvenile With Three Points in a Year, Plus SR-22 Requirement

§2:83       Child Endangerment

§2:84       Evading a Pursuing Cop

§2:84.1      The Offense

§2:84.2      Punishment

§2:84.3      Vehicle Impound in Separate Proceedings

§2:85       Drug Possession

§2:85.1      Penal Code §1000 Drug Diversion

§2:85.2      Penal Code §1210 (Prop. 36)

Chapter 3: Arraignment and Pretrial Matters

§3:10     SPEEDY TRIAL RIGHTS and CONTINUANCEs

§3:11       Statutory Speedy Trial Rights

§3:11.1      Trial Within 30 or 45 Days

§3:11.2      30- or 45-Day Period; Effect of Waiver and Subsequent Withdrawal of Waiver

§3:11.3      Full Advice Required Without Counsel

§3:11.4      10 Days More After 30 or 45; Effect of Waiving

§3:11.4.1   Showing of Good Cause for Continuance Still Required During 10-Day Grace Period

§3:11.5      Continuance for “Good Cause”

§3:11.5.1   Congested Court Calendar Not “Good Cause” Absent Exceptional Circumstances

§3:11.6      Continuance for Calendar Conflict

§3:11.7      Right to Continuous Trial

§3:11.8      Failure to Appear

§3:11.9      Review of Denial of Right

§3:12       Constitutional Speedy Trial Rights

§3:13       Speedy Sentencing Rights

§3:20     ARRAIGNMENT

§3:21       Change of Venue

§3:22       Failure to Appear, Bail, O.R. and Conditions

§3:22.1      Failure to Appear and the Right to Appear Through Counsel

§3:22.2      Bail and O.R. Release, Conditions

§3:23       Police Report at Arraignment

§3:24       Proceedings After Mistrial and Split Verdict

§3:25       Judge May Order Booking

§3:26       Court May Not Require DA at Arraignment

§3:27       Commissioner May Conduct Arraignment

§3:28       Arrest Deemed Detention Only if Case Not Filed

§3:30     DEMURRER AND NOT GUILTY PLEA

§3:31       Procedure for Demurrer

§3:32       Prosecution on Notice to Appear

§3:33       Complaint Within 25 Days of Citation

§3:34       Amended Complaint

§3:34.1      To Add a Subdivision (b) Charge

§3:34.2      To Add a Prior Conviction Enhancement Allegation

§3:35       Civil Injunctive Relief

§3:36       Double Jeopardy Attack

§3:36.1      On CVC §23152(b) Charge

§3:36.2      Supporting Offense in Injury Case

§3:37       Mandatory Presumptions Attack on CVC §23152(b)

§3:37.1      Presumptions in Criminal Cases Generally

§3:37.2      Presumptions Only Permissive in California DUI Offenses

§3:38       CVC §23577: Chemical Test Refusal Enhancement Allegation Demurrer

§3:39       Enhancement Allegation for Prior Conviction of a Separate Offense

§3:40     Juvenile Drunk Driving

§3:41       Allegation of “Forbidden Act and Neglected Duty”

§3:42       Allegation That Current Charge is a Serious Felony

§3:43       Two-Dismissal Rule for Felonies

§3:44       Lack of Territorial Jurisdiction Causing Immunity from Prosecution

§3:44.1      Federal Military Bases

§3:44.2      Federal Prosecution Not Permitted for Some California Offenses

§3:44.3      Prior Federal or Other State Prosecution

§3:44.4      Crimes in “Indian Country”

§3:44.5      California Prosecution for Crime on Federal Property

§3:44.6      Conflict With Federal Law

§3:44.7      Jurisdiction for Arrest

§3:45       Other Immunity from Prosecution

§3:45.1      California Emergency Services Act

§3:45.2      Diplomatic Immunity

§3:46       Statute of Limitations

§3:50     PRETRIAL CONFERENCE, PLEA BARGAINING

§3:51       Evaluating the Client’s Case

§3:52       Some Court Acquittals Bar APS Suspension

§3:53       Defendant’s Plea Bargain Statements

§3:54       Prosecution Withdrawal of Plea Bargain Offer

§3:55       Diversion or Suspension of Proceedings Prohibited

§3:56       Other Prohibited Procedures

§3:56.1      Defendant’s Personal Presence; Plea in Absentia

§3:56.2      Judge Can’t Read Police or Probation Report Without Permission

§3:56.3      No Inquiry About Uncharged Convictions and Pending Charges

§3:56.4      Threat of Extra Punishment for Not Pleading Guilty

§3:56.5      Prosecutorial Vindictiveness: Adding Charges After Refusal to Plead Guilty

§3:56.6      No Jurisdiction Over Probation in Another Court

§3:57       Prohibited and Disfavored Probation Terms

§3:58       Plea Bargaining With Judge Alone

§3:58.1      Judge Can Reject a Plea

§3:59       Charges Reduced/Changed; Priors Dropped

§3:59.1      CVC §23103: “Wet” & “Dry” Reckless

§3:59.2      Striking Prior Conviction Sentence Enhancement Allegations

§3:59.3      Attempted Drunk Driving

§3:59.4      Further Reductions and Dismissals

§3:60     Handling Multiple Pending Cases

§3:61       CVC §23550: Fourth Offense

§3:62       Immigrants, Aliens and Non-Citizens

§3:63       Enforcing Plea Bargain Agreement

§3:64       Three-Strikes Plea Bargaining

§3:65       Substance Abuse Testing

§3:66       Plea Bargaining When Plea Bargaining Is Prohibited

§3:70     LAW AND MOTION

§3:71       Local Rules

§3:71.1      Validity of Local Rules

§3:71.2      Notice of Motion in Criminal Case

§3:72       Sanctions

§3:73       Broad Inherent Power to Reconsider Rulings

§3:80     guilty or nolo contendere plea

§3:81       General Requirements for Entry of Guilty or Nolo Contendere Plea

§3:82       Withdrawal of Plea

§3:90     right to counsel and counsel of choice

Chapter 4: Prior Convictions of Separate Offenses

§4:10     MOTION TO DECLARE PRIOR CONVICTION UNCONSTITUTIONAL

§4:11       Prosecutors Had Mistakenly Claimed Motion Not Allowed

§4:12       General Information

§4:12.1      Legal Framework

§4:12.2      Michael Ogul on Prior Convictions

§4:12.3      CVC §23624: General Rule—One Challenge Per Conviction

§4:12.4      CVC §41403: Procedure for Motion to Strike Unconstitutional Conviction

§4:12.5      Burden of Proof on Defendant

§4:12.6      Some Courts Are Known for Strikeable Convictions

§4:12.7      Consider Pros and Cons

§4:12.8      Not a Trial Motion

§4:12.9      Uncharged Convictions

§4:12.10    Three-Strikes Prior Convictions

§4:12.11    Constitutionality of Out-of-State Convictions

§4:13       The Record

§4:13.1      Getting the Record From the Rendering Court

§4:13.2      Checking the Record

§4:14       Allegation in Support

§4:14.1      Serve Five Days Before Hearing

§4:14.2      No Advice, Knowledge or Waiver

§4:14.3      Silent Record Can Show Lack of Actual Waiver

§4:14.4      Prejudice

§4:14.5      Client’s Recollection and Testimony

§4:14.6      Defendant’s Declaration Not Required

§4:14.7      Form for Allegation in Support

§4:14.8      Form for Alternative Allegation in Support

§4:15       Notice; General Points and Authorities

§4:15.1      No Advice, Knowledge or Waiver of Constitutional Rights

§4:15.2      No Verbatim Record

§4:15.3      No Inquiry and Finding That Rights Waiver Was Knowing, Voluntary and Intelligent

§4:15.4      Constitutional Invalidity Order

§4:16       Other Possible Grounds for Motion

§4:16.1      Judge’s Conflict of Interest

§4:16.2      Failure to Advise of Consequences: Future Use, Punishment and Suspension/Revocation

§4:16.3      Right to Testify and Present Evidence

§4:16.4      Plea and Sentence Involving Commissioner or Pro-Tem Judge

§4:16.5      Involuntary Plea Induced by Illegal Threats

§4:16.6      Unlicensed Counsel

§4:16.7      Denial of Interpreter

§4:16.8      Advice to Aliens

§4:16.9      Double Jeopardy Violations

§4:16.10    Advice of Dangers and Disadvantages of Self-Representation

§4:16.11    Miscellaneous Issues

§4:17       Challenge to Grant or Denial of Motion

§4:17.1      By Defendant

§4:17.2      By Prosecution

§4:20     PRIOR CONVICTION SENTENCE ENHANCEMENT LAW IN GENERAL

§4:21       Right to Jury or Court Trial

§4:21.1      Challenging Out-of-State Priors at Trial

§4:22       Erroneous DMV Record of Prior Conviction

§4:23       Ten Years or Less Between Offense Dates

§4:23.1      Measured From Offense Date to Offense Date

§4:23.2      Prior Convictions and Separate Offenses

§4:23.3      What’s a “Year?”

§4:24       What Can Be Alleged as a Prior Conviction Sentence Enhancement?

§4:24.1      Offense Within Ten Years of Current Offense

§4:24.2      Juvenile “Conviction” (Adjudication)

§4:24.3      Federal Conviction

§4:24.4      Reckless Driving Conviction

§4:24.5      Uncounseled Conviction Alleged to Make Current Offense a Felony

§4:24.6      Drunk Boating Conviction

§4:24.7      Uncharged Convictions and Pending Charges

§4:24.8      Expungement Under P.C. §§1203.4 and 1203.4a

§4:24.9      Constitutionality Previously Determined

§4:24.10    Truth Previously Determined

§4:24.11    Conviction for Offense That Occurred After Current Offense

§4:24.12    Out-of-State Conviction

§4:25       Future Use of Conviction for Enhancement

§4:25.1      Need Not Advise at Time of Guilty Plea

§4:25.2      Increase in Enhancement Severity

§4:30     MOTION TO VACATE JUDGMENT; WRIT OF ERROR CORAM NOBIS

Chapter 5: Discovery

§5:10     PROPOSITION 115

§5:11       Constitutionality and Applicability

§5:12       Other Statutory Discovery Schemes Remain

§5:20     DIRECT DISCOVERY FROM LAW ENFORCEMENT

§5:21       CHP Publications

§5:22       Getting the Police Report

§5:22.1      Prior to Client Retaining You

§5:22.2      After Being Retained

§5:22.3      Obtaining Traffic Collision Reports in DUI Accident Cases

§5:23       Criminal History Record Information (Rap Sheets)

§5:23.1      State Criminal History Records to Defense Attorneys

§5:23.2      Local Criminal History Records to Defense Attorneys

§5:23.3      CHP Criminal History Records to Defense Attorneys

§5:23.4      State and Local Criminal History Records to Individuals

§5:23.5      Local Court Records Online

§5:23.6      FBI Criminal History Records to Individuals

§5:23.7      Expungement of Criminal History Record Information

§5:23.8      Rap Sheets on Cops

§5:24       Form 5-2: Jury Instruction—Biased Cop Refused to Discuss Case With Defense Attorney

§5:30     GENERAL DISCOVERY PROVISIONS

§5:31       Informal Request Starts 15-Day Deadline Running

§5:32       Separate 30-Day Deadline Prior to Trial

§5:33       Identification Required When Interviewing Witnesses

§5:40     DISCOVERY FROM THE DEFENSE

§5:41       Applicability; Constitutionality

§5:42       An Unsettled Area of Law

§5:43       Don’t Be Overly Cooperative

§5:44       What Need Not Be Provided to Prosecution

§5:44.1      Defense Files

§5:44.2      Almost No Statements of the Defendant

§5:44.3      No Discovery of Prosecution Witnesses’ Statements

§5:44.4      Nothing Additional From Attorney

§5:44.5      No Core Work Product

§5:44.6      Information Not in Defendant’s Possession

§5:45       What Must Be Provided

§5:45.1      Duty to Obtain Discoverable Information

§5:45.2      What Pen. C. §1054.3 Requires

§5:45.3      “Intends to Call as Witnesses at Trial”

§5:45.4      Written and Oral Statements Must Be Disclosed; Manner of Disclosure

§5:45.5      Discovery from Defense Experts

§5:45.6      Nontestimonial Evidence

§5:46       In-Camera Hearing

§5:50     DISCOVERY FROM THE PROSECUTION

§5:51       Be Highly Skeptical

§5:52       What Need Not Be Provided

§5:52.1      Witnesses that Won’t Be Called

§5:52.2      Evidence Not in Prosecutor’s Possession

§5:52.3      Good Cause to Deny Victim and Witness Information

§5:52.4      Restrictions on Defense Disclosure of Victim and Witness Information

§5:52.5      Privileges and Exemptions; In-Camera Hearing

§5:52.6      No Due Process Right to Inculpatory Evidence

§5:53       What Must Be Provided

§5:53.1      Duty to Obtain Discoverable Information

§5:53.2      What Pen. C. §1054.1 Requires

§5:53.3      Peace Officer’s Legal Sourcebook Corrected

§5:53.4      “Favorable” Material

§5:53.5      Discovery From Prosecution Experts

§5:53.6      Rebuttal Witnesses

§5:54       Discovery Denial Remedies and Review

§5:54.1      Civil Rights Action

§5:54.2      Appellate Review

§5:55       Conditional Witness Examination

§5:60     INFORMAL DISCOVERY REQUEST; MOTION FOR COMPLIANCE; SANCTIONS

§5:61       Form 5-3: Informal Request for Discovery From Prosecution

§5:62       Form 5-4: Motion for Discovery Compliance

§5:63       Sanctions for Non-Compliance

§5:63.1      Statutory Provisions

§5:63.2      DA Office Recusal

§5:63.3      Pretrial Motion Not Needed for Exclusion at Trial

§5:63.4      Exclusion of Witnesses and Evidence

§5:63.5      Continuance

§5:63.6      Jury Instruction

§5:70     CHEMICAL TEST DISCOVERY

§5:71       Reports of Laboratory Deficiencies

§5:71.1      Ventura County Crime Lab Conceals Loss of Title 17 License

§5:71.2      Ventura County Crime Lab Concealed Conflicting Breath Test Printouts

§5:71.3      Blood Drawn by Non-Qualified Personnel

§5:71.4      State Auditor Report on Deficiencies in 19 Local Labs

§5:71.5      Unlicensed Lab Work Yields 4,700 DMV Suspensions Set Aside

§5:71.6      State DOJ Crime Labs Spill Their Guts for Increased Funding

§5:71.7      Valley Toxicology Loses License

§5:71.8      Mystery Layoffs in City of Alameda

§5:71.9      Ventura County Crime Lab Fails to Train 35 Cops on Intoxilyzer 5000 EN

§5:71.10    Arizona Intoxilyzer 5000 Discovery Scandal

§5:72       Discovery of Copyrighted Documents

§5:73       Blood and Urine Records

§5:73.1      Blood Collection Kit and Skin Cleanser

§5:73.2      Identity and Qualifications of Person Who Drew Blood

§5:73.3      Chain of Custody From Blood Draw to Lab

§5:73.4      Methods of Lab Analysis, Policies and Procedures

§5:74.5      Diluter and Internal Standard Records

§5:73.6      Documentations of Sampling, Invalid Analyses

§5:73.7      Gas Chromatography (GC) Maintenance and Calibration

§5:73.8      Standards—Preparation/Purchase, Validation, Analysis

§5:73.9      Chromatograms and Run Summary

§5:73.10    Quality Control and Standard Logs

§5:73.11    Analyst Qualifications

§5:73.12    Internal Laboratory Studies

§5:73.13    Proficiency Tests

§5:73.14    Audit Findings and Quality Assurance Investigations

§5:73.15    Form 5-5: Documents Request

§5:73.16    Form 5-6: Blood/Urine Retest Sample Request Letter

§5:74       Breath Test Records

§5:74.1      Test Result Printout

§5:74.2      Database Results

§5:74.3      Maintenance Records

§5:74.4      Calibration Records

§5:74.5      Operator Training Records

§5:74.6      Lab Methods, Manuals, Policies and Procedures

§5:74.7      Conforming Products List

§5:74.8      Manufacturer’s Litigation Opens Doors

§5:74.9      Arizona Intoxilyzer 5000 Discovery Scandal

§5:74.10    Breath Test Instrument Source Code Discovery

§5:74.11    Form 5-7: Documents Request

§5:74.12    Breath Retest Request

§5:75       Discovery on the Prosecution Expert

§5:75.1      Curriculum Vitae

§5:75.2      Training Records

§5:75.3      Classes and Studies—Internal and External

§5:75.4      Publications and Presentations

§5:75.5      Licensing and Proficiency Testing

§5:75.6      Audits and Quality Assurance Actions

§5:75.7      A Further Discovery Tactic—Internet Research

§5:75.8      Transcripts of Prior Testimony

§5:76       Form 5-8: Letter for Chemical Test Documents

§5:77       Form 5-9: Itemized Request for Discovery Items

§5:80     DISCOVERY BY SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM

§5:81       Challenges to Use for Discovery

§5:81.1      Exempt From Proposition 115

§5:81.2      Not Just a Trial Right

§5:82       When to Use a Subpoena Duces Tecum

§5:83       Procedure for Subpoena Duces Tecum

§5:84       Practice Tips for Using a Subpoena Duces Tecum

§5:85       A Word of Caution

§5:86       Form 5-10: Declaration for Subpoena Duces Tecum

§5:87       Liability for Unauthorized Viewing of Privileged Information

§5:90     RECORDS

§5:91       California Public Records Act (C.P.R.A.)

§5:91.1      Separate From Other Provisions

§5:91.1.1         No Criminal Discovery Privilege Under C.P.R.A.

§5:91.1.2         Proposition 115 Does Not Prohibit

§5:91.1.3         Disclosure of Police Personnel Records

§5:91.2      Request for Documents

§5:91.2.1         Computer Files

§5:91.2.2         Charges for Copies

§5:91.2.3         Form 5-11: Public Records Request—Chemical Test Documents

§5:91.3      Remedies for Non-Disclosure

§5:92       DMV Records

§5:92.1.1         Driver’s License Records

§5:92.1.2         Residence Address Information

§5:92.2      Records Stored Electronically

§5:92.3      Criminal Convictions Record Act (C.C.R.A.)

§5:92.4      Court Records

§5:92.5      Aerial Photographs

§5:100   DISCOVERY OF COP’S PERSONNEL FILE AND CITIZEN COMPLAINTS (PITCHESS)

§5:100.1    Pitchess Forms

§5:110   PRESERVATION OF EVIDENCE

§5:111     Due Process Right

§5:111.1    The U.S. Supreme Court’s Four-Part Rule

§5:111.2    California Cases

§5:111.3    Lower Federal Court Opinions

§5:112     Suppression: Preservation of Evidence

§5:112.1    CVC §23614: Denial of Retest Breath

§5:112.2    Failure to Preserve Other Breath Test Related Evidence

§5:112.3    Intoxilyzer 5000 Destroys Evidence

§5:112.4    DOJ Labs May Destroy Preservative Evidence

§5:112.4.1       Crime Labs’ Spoliation of Blood Evidence

§5:112.4.2       Form 5-16: Motion to Dismiss—Destruction of Evidence

§5:112.4.3       Testimony That Crime Lab Released Sample to Defense for Retesting

§5:112.5    Radio Dispatch Tapes

§5:112.6    Officer’s Raw Notes

§5:112.7    Remedy for Denial of Hitch Motions

§5:113     Denial of Own Chemical Test

Chapter 6: Other Pretrial Motions

§6:00     TIME TO FILE PRETRIAL MOTIONS

§6:10     CHALLENGE TO JUDGE

§6:11       Bibliography on Political Forces Affecting Judges’ Decision-Making

§6:12       Peremptory Challenge

§6:12.1      Time to Make

§6:12.2      Based on Race

§6:12.3      Not Available to Witnesses

§6:12.4      Not Applicable to Appellate Justices and Judges

§6:12.5      Denied Challenge Doesn’t Count

§6:12.6      Against Judge Who Presided as Magistrate at Preliminary Examination

§6:12.7      After Refiled Charges

§6:12.8      After Appeal

§6:12.9      Time to Rule on Peremptory Challenge

§6:13       Challenge for Cause

§6:13.1      Pleadings

§6:13.2      Grounds

§6:13.3      Procedure

§6:13.4      No Stipulation to Challenge

§6:13.5      Application to Appellate Justices

§6:13.6      Review of Denial

§6:14       Commissioners, Referees, Temporary Judges—Authority to Hear Cases

§6:15       Other Ideas for Dealing With Judges

§6:15.1      Perversion or Obstruction of Justice by Judge

§6:15.2      Injunctive Civil Rights Action Against Judges

§6:16       Judicial Misconduct

§6:16.1      Reporting Judicial Misconduct

§6:16.2      Discipline for Legal Error Alone

§6:20     STATEMENTS OF DEFENDANT

§6:21       Bibliography

§6:22       Miranda Rights

§6:22.1      When Is Advice Needed? Custody Is Determinative

§6:22.2      No Facts or Information Without Miranda; Thick and Slurred Speech

§6:22.3      Exception for Routine Booking Questions

§6:22.4      Field Sobriety Tests

§6:22.5      Civil Remedies for Violation of Miranda Rights

§6:22.6      Probation Terms and Miranda

§6:23       Admission of Driving and Hit-and-Run Laws

§6:24       DMV Hearing Testimony

§6:25       Corpus Delicti Rule

§6:26       Discovery by the Prosecution

§6:27       No Suppression for Drunkenness

§6:28       Statements Made at Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Meetings

§6:30     NONSTATUTORY MOTION TO DISMISS

§6:30.1      Dismissal Based on Prosecutorial Vindictiveness

§6:40     MOTION FOR COURT APPOINTED EXPERT

§6:40.1      Bibliography

§6:40.2      U.S. Supreme Court Authority

§6:40.3      Making the Indigency Determination

§6:40.4      Pen. C. §1329: Authorizes County Payment to Expert Witnesses

§6:40.5      Motion for Court Appointed Expert Witness

§6:50     NO DISMISSAL FOR STATE PRISON INMATES

§6:60     Substitution of Privately Retained Counsel

Chapter 7: Search and Seizure

§7:10     DETENTION AND ARREST

§7:11       Seizure of a Person

§7:11.1      Arrest vs. Detention, and Constitutional Requirements

§7:11.2      Detention vs. Consensual Contact

§7:11.3      Prolonged Detention While Checking for Warrants

§7:11.4      Prolonged Detention Waiting for DUI Expert Cop

§7:11.5      Entry of Dwelling Without a Warrant

§7:11.5.1         Consent

§7:11.5.2         Hot Pursuit

§7:11.5.3         Exigent Circumstances

§7:11.5.3(a)       Loss or Corruption of Alcohol Evidence

§7:11.5.3(b)      Medical Necessity

§7:11.6      Informing Arrestee of Reason for Arrest

§7:11.7      Cite and Release Without Booking

§7:11.8      An Arrest for an Infraction Is Lawful—A Patdown Search Is Not

§7:11.9      Request to Search

§7:20     MISCELLANEOUS DETENTION ISSUES

§7:20.1      Tipsters and the Public Safety Exception

§7:20.1.1 Stale Information?

§7:20.2      Bar and Restaurant Patrons

§7:20.3      Agricultural Inspection Station

§7:20.4      International Border

§7:20.5      Roadside Pollution Inspection

§7:20.6      Erroneous Warrant

§7:20.7      Erroneous Belief About Out-of-State Registration

§7:20.8      Illegal Parking

§7:20.8.1         Can’t Enforce Vehicle Code in Private Parking Lot Unless Posted

§7:20.9      Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) DMV Record Search

§7:20.10    Slow Driving

§7:20.11    Weaving

§7:20.12    Racial Profiling

§7:20.13    Cracked Windshield

§7:20.14    Tinted Windows

§7:20.15    Object Hanging From Rearview Mirror

§7:20.16    Defective or Inadequate Taillamps

§7:20.17    Failure to Use Turn Signal

§7:20.18    Failure to Yield for Pedestrian

§7:20.19    Missing or Illegible License Plate

§7:20.20    Temporary Registration Stickers

§7.20.21    Improper Motorcycle Helmet

§7.20.22    Not Wearing Seatbelt

§7.20.23    Illegal U-Turn

§7:20.24    Stop Signs (Meaning of “At the Limit Line”)

§7:20.25    Exhibition of Speed

§7:20.26    Veh. C. Violation, But Reliance on Wrong Statute

§7:20.27    Speed Traps

§7:20.28    Unmarked Cop Car

§7:20.29    Probation Search

§7:20.30    DUI Checkpoints and Other Roadblock Detention

§7:20.30.1       Non-Statutory Authorization

§7:20.30.2       Compliance With “Certain Limitations”

§7:20.30.3       Detention for Avoiding the Roadblock

                        §7:20.29.3(a)  Cones and Flare Patterns

§7:20.30.4       Non-Cooperation at Roadblock Stop

§7:20.30.5       Alcohol Detection Devices (P.B.T. & P.A.S.)

§7:20.30.6       DMV Hearing Issues

§7:20.30.7       Contrast With Administrative Search Roadblock

§7:20.30.8       Roadblock to Search for Witnesses of a Crime

§7:20.31    No P.C. Needed to Stop Commercial Vehicle

§7:20.32    Suspicion of Zero-Tolerance Violation

§7:20.33    Pretextual Stops Permissible

§7:20.34    Community Caretaking Exception

§7:20.35    Past Criminal Offense

§7:20.36    Violation of Local Ordinance

§7:30     PROBABLE CAUSE

§7:31       Manner of Driving

§7:32       Behavior and Symptoms

§7:33       At Night and/or High Crime Area

§7:34       On a Motorcycle

§7:35       Arrest Without Field Sobriety Tests

§7:36       Rigid and Nervous

§7:37       Fatigue

§7:38       Probable Cause to Believe 0.08% or Higher

§7:40     ARRESTER’S PRESENCE REQUIREMENT, EXCEPTIONS, AND EFFECT

§7:41       “Driving” in Arrester’s Presence

§7:41.1      Pen. C. §836

§7:41.2      Circumstantial Evidence of Driving—Arrest Illegal, Conviction O.K.

§7:42       Combined Presence of Several Arresters

§7:42.1      Cops and Cops

§7:42.2      Cops and Private Citizens

§7:43       Arrest by Private Citizen

§7:44       CVC §40300.5: Presence Exception

§7:44.1      “Traffic Accident” Exception

§7:44.2      “Obstructing a Roadway” Exception

§7:44.3      Additional Exceptions Added in 1996

§7:44.3.1         Will Not Be Apprehended Unless Immediately Arrested

§7:44.3.2         May Cause Injury to Himself or Property

§7:44.3.3         May Destroy or Conceal Evidence

§7:44.4      CVC §40300.6: Liberal Construction Should Be Limited

§7:45       Admission of Driving Doesn’t Create Presence

§7:46       Detention/Arrest for Attempted Drunk Driving, Public Intoxication or Unknown Crimes

§7:47       Juvenile Exception

§7:48       Arrest for Offense Made a Felony by Prior Conviction(s)

§7:49       Suppression of Evidence for Non-Presence Arrest?

§7:50     AUTHORITY AND JURISDICTION TO ARREST

§7:51       Must Have State-Issued P.O.S.T. Certificate

§7:52       California Cop in California Outside Employing Jurisdiction

§7:53       California Cop on Federal Property

§7:54       Out-of-State Cop in California

§7:55       Federal Cops in California Out of Federal Jurisdiction

§7:56       State Cop in “Indian Country”

§7:57       Campus Cop Off Campus

§7:58       Park Ranger Outside Open Space District’s Boundaries

§7:60     TRAFFIC OFFENSES

§7:60.1      A Mini Traffic Trial

§7:60.2      Highway, Non-Highway and Private Property Issues

§7:60.3      No Detention/Arrest for Unlicensed Status

§7:60.4      No Detention for Civil Wrongs

§7:60.5      Seat Belt and Child Restraint Offenses

§7:60.6      Infraction Arrest for Not Carrying Identification

§7:70     ILLEGAL SEARCH ISSUES

§7:71       Auto Search

§7:72       Hospital Emergency Room Contact

§7:73       Blood Sample Without Warrant

§7:73.1      Forced Blood Following Legal Arrest

§7:73.2      Forced Blood Without Arrest

§7:73.3      Analysis Without Warrant

§7:74       Failure to Follow Chemical Test (Including PAS) Statutes

§7:74.1      Consent Implied by Driving Motor Vehicle on Highway With Lawful Arrest and Choice of Tests

§7:74.1.1         Implied Consent in Drunk Boating Cases

§7:74.2      Denial of Choice of Tests

§7:74.3      Denial of Available, Independent Test

§7:74.4      Blood Drawn by Unqualified Personnel

§7:74.5      P.A.S. Test Without Admonition Regarding Right to Refuse It

§7:74.6      Blood or Breath Test After a P.A.S. Test

§7:75       DMV Records Search

§7:80     PEN. C. §1538.5: MOTION TO SUPPRESS

§7:81       Timely Motion Required for Pretrial Appeal

§7:82       Federal Constitution Controls

§7:83       Good Faith

§7:84       Procedure, Pleading and Proof

§7:84.1      Standing

§7:84.2      Pleading Facts, Legal Theories, Evidence and Grounds

§7:84.3      Making the Motion at a Preliminary Examination

§7:85       Form 7-1: Motion to Suppress: Search and Seizure—Pen. C. §1538.5

§7:86       Evidence Issues at Hearing

§7:86.1      Speed Trap Exclusionary Rule

§7:86.2      Unmarked/Specially Marked Vehicles Exclusionary Rule

§7:86.3      Corpus Delicti Rule and Statements of Defendant; Privileged Matter; Hearsay

§7:86.4      Affidavits Are Inadmissible Over Objection

§7:86.5      Judicial Interjection—Judge as a Witness!

§7:87       Finality and Collateral Effect of Order

§7:87.1      Reopening of Hearing

§7:87.2      Collateral Estoppel With DMV

§7:88       Appeal of Denial

§7:88.1      Pretrial Appeal Right

§7:88.1.1         30-Day Deadline to Try Defendant After Remittitur Issues

§7:88.2      Stay Pending Appeal

§7:88.3      Post Trial Appeal O.K. Even After Pretrial Appeal

§7:88.4      Limited Habeas Corpus Right

§7:90     CIVIL REMEDIES

§7:91       Bibliography

§7:92       Retaliatory Lawsuits by Cops Against Persons Who Complain

§7:93       42 U.S.C. §1983: Federal Civil Rights Actions

§7:93.1      Standing to Sue

§7:93.2      Statute of Limitations

§7:93.3      In Federal and State Court

§7:93.4      Respondeat Superior

§7:93.5      Forced Blood and Urine Samples

§7:93.6      No Presence of Arresting Officer

§7:93.7      Violation of Clearly Defined State Statutory Right

§7:93.8      Arrest Without Probable Cause

§7:93.9      Blood Drawn by Unqualified Personnel

Chapter 8: [Reserved]

Chapter 9: Trial Defense of DUI in California

§9:00     Jury Selection and opening statement

§9:01       Vicanage (The Jury Pool)

§9:02       The Voir Dire Process

§9:03       Suggested Voir Dire Topic Areas

§9:04       Exercising Challenges Against Jurors

§9:04.1      Challenges for Cause

§9:04.2      Peremptory Challenges

§9:05       Batson/Wheeler Challenges: Unlawful Discrimination in Jury Selection

§9:06       Jury Selection May Not Be Reopened After Jury Impaneled

§9:07       Opening Statement

§9:10     CONSTITUTIONAL TRIAL RIGHTS

§9:11       Due Process Right

§9:12       Presumption of Innocence; Reasonable Doubt

§9:13       Right to Jury Trial

§9:13.1      Right to Exercise the Trial Right

§9:14       Right to Present Evidence

§9:14.1      Admissibility of Video Demonstration

§9:14.2      Character Evidence to Show Third-Party Culpability

§9:15       Privilege Against Self-Incrimination

§9:16       Confrontation and Cross Examination Right

§9:17       Right to a Verbatim Record of Proceedings

§9:20     GENERAL TRIAL PROCEDURE, EVIDENCE AND OBJECTIONS

§9:21       Judicial Council Standards for Conduct of Trial

§9:21.1      Code of Judicial Ethics

§9:22       Elements of Drunk Driving Offenses

§9:23       Speedy Trial Rights and Continuances

§9:24       Proof of Locus Delicti (Geographic Jurisdiction)

§9:25       In Limine Motions

§9:25.1      Renew Pretrial Suppression Motions

§9:26       Hearsay Exceptions and Confrontation Clause

§9:26.1      Chemical Test Results as Admissible Public Employee Business Record

§9:26.2      Bibliography

§9:26.3      Blood Sample Collection Method

§9:26.4      Out-of-State Crawford Cases Excluding Evidence

§9:26.5      Out-of-State Cases Admitting Evidence as Non-Testimonial

§9:27       Corpus Delicti Rule

§9:27.1      Defendant’s Statements Now Admissible Prior to Corpus

§9:27.2      Independent Proof of Corpus Still Needed for Conviction

§9:27.3      Corpus Needed for Holding Order at Preliminary Examination

§9:27.4      Corpus Not Needed at Probation Revocation Hearing

§9:28       Witnesses

§9:28.1      Expert Witnesses

§9:28.2      Witnesses Referring to Documents

§9:28.3      Subpoenas

§9:28.4      Biased Cop

§9:28.5      Witness Must Be Live!

§9:28.6      Defendant Testifying—Danger Ahead!

§9:29       Discovery Sanctions

§9:30     MISCONDUCT

§9:31       Prosecutorial Misconduct

§9:31.1      Bibliography

§9:31.2      Commenting on Defendant’s Failure to Testify

§9:31.3      Commenting on Defendant’s Silence

§9:31.4      Failure to Control Witnesses

§9:31.5      Stating What a Witness Would Have Testified To

§9:31.6      Disparaging the Rules of Evidence

§9:31.7      Asking the Defendant to Call the Cop a Liar

§9:31.8      Personal Opinion About Defendant’s Guilt

§9:31.9      “Vouching” for the Credibility of a Witness

§9:31.10    Derogatory Remarks Directed at Defendant or Counsel

§9:31.11    Appeals to Passion and Prejudice

§9:31.12    Misstating the Law

§9:31.13    Suggesting Defendant Has an Obligation to Produce Evidence

§9:31.14    Presenting False Evidence and Deliberately Deceiving Jury

§9:31.15    Threatening Defense Witnesses

§9:31.16    Cumulative Misconduct

§9:31.17    Remedies

§9:32       Judicial Misconduct

§9:33       Juror Misconduct

§9:34       Improper Pressure to Reach a Verdict

§9:34.1      Discharging a Juror Who Allegedly Refuses to Deliberate

§9:35       Intimidation of Witness by Spectator

§9:36       Spectator Badges, Shirts, or Signs in Support of Victim

§9:37       False Evidence Given by a Witness

§9:38       Permissible Impeachment of Witnesses

§9:39       The Defense Attorney’s Role

§9:40     SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE

§9:41       Scientific Literature

§9:41.1      Using Scientific Articles as Evidence

§9:41.2      Bibliography

§9:41.3      Ethical Guidelines to Publication

§9:41.4      Copyrighted Documents

§9:42       Admissibility of Chemical Test Result

§9:42.1      Legal Arrest Required for Admission of Implied Consent Test

§9:42.2      Lack of Scientific Foundation

§9:42.3      Chain of Custody; Authentication

§9:42.4      Blood Drawn by Unqualified Personnel

§9:42.5      Lost Blood or Urine Sample

§9:42.6      Jury Instructions

§9:42.7      Hearsay Objections

§9:42.8      Labs Get Funded From Conviction Fines

§9:42.9      Media Reports of Laboratory Deficiencies

§9:43       Kelly/Frye—General Acceptance of Scientific Evidence

§9:43.1      The Rule

§9:43.2      “Generally Accepted”

§9:43.3      Effect of Rulings in Other Cases

§9:43.4      New Evidence Showing Bad Science

§9:43.5      Kelly/Frye Rule Not Affected by Proposition 8

§9:43.6      Daubert’s Gatekeeping Function—ALL Expert Testimony Is Inadmissible Unless Found Scientifically Valid

§9:44       Blood: Sample and Analysis

§9:44.1      Bibliography

§9:44.2      Blood Drawn by Unqualified Personnel

§9:44.3      Controlled by CVC §23158 and Title 17, §1219.1

§9:44.4      Denial of Own Chemical Test

§9:44.5      Scientific Foundation, Kelly/Frye, Validity and Admissibility

§9:45       Hospital/Medical Blood Alcohol Test Results

§9:45.1      Bibliography

§9:45.2      Authentication and Scientific Foundation Attack

§9:45.3      Chart Illustrates Medical Blood Test Problems

§9:45.4      Lack of Consent

§9:45.5      No Physician-Patient Privilege

§9:45.6      Hospital Emergency Room Privacy Rights

§9:45.7      Civil C. §56.10 Requires Court Process for Disclosure of “Medical Information”

§9:45.8      Federal Substance Abuse Program Privilege

§9:45.9      Letter to Hospital Regarding Patient Confidentiality

§9:46       Blood Alcohol Changes With Time

§9:46.1      Bibliography

§9:46.2      Three-Hour Constant BAC Presumption

§9:46.3      BAC Calculations From Drinking History

§9:46.4      BAC Calculations From Delayed Test—Retrograde Extrapolation or Relation Back

§9:47       Breath Alcohol Testing

§9:47.1      Bibliography of General Information

§9:47.2      Manufacturer’s Litigation Opens Doors

§9:47.3      Scientific Foundation, Kelly/Frye, Validity and Admissibility

§9:47.4      2100:1 Blood/Breath Partition Ratio Assumption

§9:47.5      Practical Tips for Dealing With Bransford and Partition Ratio Assumption

§9:47.6      Conforming Products List

§9:47.7      Third Digit of Breath Result Admissible

§9:47.8      Beware the Toluene Excuse

§9:47.9      15-Minute Observation; Cop Not Trained in Theory of Operation

§9:47.10    Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), aka Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI)

§9:47.11    Tyndall Effect on Infrared Devices From Airbag Deployment

§9:47.12    Intoxilyzer 5000, 5000en, and 8000

§9:47.13    Alcotest 7110 and 7410 Plus

§9:47.14    Cops Deny Knowledge of Theory of Operation of Breath Machines

§9:47.15    Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

§9:47.16    Failure to Advise of Breath Sample Destruction and Right to Independent Test

§9:48       Preliminary Alcohol Screening (P.A.S.) Devices

§9:48.1      Bibliography

§9:48.2      CVC §23612: Authorizes P.A.S. Test

§9:48.3      Scientific Foundation for Admissibility

§9:48.4      Lack of Scientific Foundation Means Most States Don’t Admit P.A.S. Test Results at Trial

§9:48.5      Not Shown to Be Generally Accepted Under Kelly/Frye

§9:48.6      Failure to Advise of Right to Refuse P.A.S. Test

§9:48.7      Conforming Products List of Alcohol Screening Devices

§9:48.8      Altitude Sensitivity

§9:48.9      Admissibility for Defendant

§9:49       Urine Alcohol as Evidence of Blood Alcohol

§9:49.1      Bibliography

§9:49.2      Sample Choice: CVC §23612 Makes Urine Option Limited

§9:49.3      Sample Collection and Retention

§9:49.4      Privacy Requirement for Sample Collection

§9:49.5      Jury Instruction

§9:49.6      Scientific Foundation, Kelly/Frye, Validity and Admissibility

§9:49.7      Urine Alcohol as Evidence of Blood Alcohol Should Not Pass Kelly/Frye Test

§9:49.8      Bransford Does Not Apply to Urine Tests

§9:50     PARTICULAR TYPES OF NON-SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE

§9:50.1      Scientific Evidence: Chemical Test Results, F.S.T.’s, R.F.I., Experts, Accident Reconstruction, Handwriting and Hypnosis

§9:50.2      Previous Accidents at Same Location

§9:50.3      Drug Possession

§9:50.4      Injuries

§9:50.5      Photographs; Booking Photos

§9:50.6      Demonstrative Evidence

§9:50.7      Weather

§9:50.8      Audio and Video Tape Recordings

§9:50.9      Language Evidence

§9:50.10    DMV Records, Reports and Testimony

§9:50.11    Digital Signatures

§9:50.12    Driving Behaviors Police Observe as Proof of DUI

§9:50.13    Jury Gets To Be Its Own Handwriting Expert

§9:60     Field Sobriety Tests

§9:60.1      Bibliography

§9:60.2      Non-NHTSA Standardized F.S.T.’s Thrown Out in Ohio

§9:60.3      Lack of Scientific Foundation; Courts’ “Gatekeeper” Function

§9:60.4      Not a Reliable Indicator of Driving Impairment

§9:60.5      Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (H.G.N.)

§9:60.6      Digest of NHTSA Standardized Field Sobriety Test (SFST) Student Manual

§9:60.7      Attention Deficit Disorder (A.D.D.)

§9:70     OPINION TESTIMONY

§9:71       Expert Witnesses

§9:71.1      Bibliography

§9:71.2      Court Appointed Expert

§9:71.3      Discovery From Expert

§9:71.4      Opinion Based Upon Hearsay

§9:71.5      Cross-Exam on Scientific Literature

§9:71.6      Opinion on Mental Impairment

§9:72       Lay Opinion

§9:72.1      Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

§9:72.2      State of Sobriety

§9:72.3      Cause of Accident

§9:73       Accident Reconstruction

§9:74       Handwriting

§9:75       Hypnosis to Enhance Recall

§9:76       Sodium Amytal

§9:80     AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES

§9:81       Alcoholism

§9:82       Driving Disability

§9:83       Mistake

§9:83.1      Mistake of Fact

§9:83.2      Mistake of Law

§9:84       Duress and Necessity

§9:85       Accident and Misfortune

§9:86       Mental Defenses

§9:86.1      Voluntary Intoxication

§9:86.2      Involuntary Intoxication

§9:86.3      Unconsciousness

§9:86.4      Idiocy

§9:87       Prescription Drugs

§9:88       Cop Orders Driving; Entrapment and Equitable Estoppel

§9:89       Jury Must Unanimously Reject Affirmative Defense in Order to Convict

§9:90     TRIALS ON PRIOR CONVICTION (SEPARATE OFFENSE) ENHANCEMENT ALLEGATIONS

§9:91       Bibliography

§9:92       Pretrial Issues

§9:92.1      Don’t Confuse Trial With Unconstitutionality Motion

§9:92.2      What Convictions Are Chargeable?

§9:93       Jury Trial

§9:93.1      Constitutional Right to Jury Trial

§9:93.2      Statutory Right to Jury Trial

§9:93.3      Probably No Right to Jury Trial on Identity

§9:93.4      No Right to Jury Trial on Some Other Issues

§9:93.5      Right to Separate (Bifurcated) Jury Trial

§9:93.6      Prevents Premature Disclosure to Jury

§9:93.7      Denial of Jury Trial—Automatic Reversal or Harmless Error?

§9:94       Prosecution Must Prove

§9:94.1      All Elements Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

§9:94.2      That There Was a Conviction

§9:94.3      The Conviction That Was Charged

§9:94.4      Ten Years or Less Between Offenses

§9:94.5      Identity of Defendant

§9:94.6      Reckless Driving Prior

§9:94.7      Stipulation to Judge Pro Tem

§9:94.8      Out-of-State Convictions

§9:95       Trial Rights, Evidence and Objections

§9:95.1      Bibliography

§9:95.2      Rights Applicable to Trial

§9:95.3      Proof by all Relevant and Admissible Evidence

§9:95.4      Evidence Law Related to Prior Conviction Records

§9:95.5      Court Dockets and Other Records

§9:95.6      DMV Records

§9:95.7      Rap Sheets; Prison and Jail Records

§9:95.8      Conviction Records

§9:95.9      Computerized Conviction Record Documents: The Criminal Convictions Record Act (C.C.R.A.)

§9:95.10    No Testimony by Previous Attorney

§9:95.11    Corpus Delicti Rule

§9:95.12    Prosecutorial Mention of Blood Split Sent to Defense Lab/Expert

§9:96       Post-Trial Considerations

§9:96.1      Prosecution Forgot to Prove the Prior Conviction

§9:96.2      Prosecution Attempted and Failed to Prove the Prior Conviction

§9:96.3      Retrial After Previous Trial

§9:96.4      Retrial After Hung Jury or Reversal on Appeal

§9:100   JURY INSTRUCTIONS

§9:101     Non-CALJIC and Non-CALCRIM Instructions Deserve Equal Consideration

§9:102     Pinpoint Instructions

§9:103     Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol and/or Drugs

§9:103.1    Misdemeanor Non-Injury: CVC §23152(a)

§9:103.2    Felony Injury: CVC §23153(a)

§9:103.3    Proof of Impairment: “Under the Influence” Defined CALJIC 16.831 and CALCRIM 2110

§9:103.4    “Under the Influence” Presumptions

§9:103.5    Under the Influence Relates to Condition of Driver: CALJIC 16.832 and CALCRIM 2110

§9:104     Driving With BAC of 0.08% or More

§9:104.1    Misdemeanor Non-Injury: CVC §23152(b)

§9:104.2    Felony Injury: CVC §23153(b)

§9:104.3    Presumption of BAC of 0.08% for Three Hours

§9:104.4    Special Jury Instructions (Suggested)

§9:104.4.1       Blood Draw Evidence

§9:104.4.2       Consultation of Witness With Attorneys During Cross Examination

§9:104.4.3       Police Officers Are Biased Witness

§9:104.4.4       Agreement to Take Roadside Balance and Coordination Exercises—Consciousness of Innocence

§9:104.4.5       Agreement to Take Preliminary Alcohol Screening (P.A.S.) Test—Consciousness of Innocence

§9:104.4.6       Agreement to Take Implied Consent Blood Test—Consciousness of Innocence

§9:104.5    Voluntary Cessation of Driving Defense

§9:105     The Supporting Offense in an Injury or Death Case

§9:106     Chemical Test Result Admissibility/Validity

§9:106.1    Violations of Title 17; Adams Foundation

§9:106.2    Jury May Reject Evidence of Chemical Test Result

§9:106.3    Jury Instruction—Calculating Blood Alcohol From Urine Alcohol

§9:107     Refusal of Chemical Test—Consciousness of Guilt

§9:107.1    Attacking the Instruction

§9:107.2    Necessity of Advice About Refusal

§9:107.3    Consciousness of Innocence

§9:108     Credibility of Injured Witness

§9:109     Biased Cop

§9:110     Jury Instruction—Mistake of Fact Defense

§9:111     Hitch, Destroyed Evidence, CVC §23614

§9:112     Election of Acts Where More Than One Offense Proved

§9:113     Lesser Included or Lesser Related Offense

§9:114     Character Inconsistent With Crime

§9:115     “Wet Reckless” Sentence Enhancement Allegation

§9:120   CLOSING ARGUMENT

§9:121     Jury Nullification

§9:122     Proof Is by Circumstantial Evidence Only

§9:123     Split Verdict

§9:124     Impairment to an Appreciable Degree

§9:125     Reasonable Doubt

§9:130   MISTRIAL AND RETRIAL

§9:131     Retrial After Partial Acquittal

§9:132     On Lesser Offense After Acquittal on Greater Offense

§9:133     On Prior Conviction

§9:134     Court’s Discretion to Dismiss Charges, Reduce or Modify Verdict

§9:135     Prosecutorial Vindictiveness Presumed if Charges Added After Mistrial

Chapter 9 Forms

§9:200   Forms

§9:200.1  Form 9-1: Motion to Dismiss Because of Denial of Right to Due Process (Speedy Trial Denial)

§9:200.2  Form 9-2: Letter to Hospital Demanding Patient Confidentiality

§9:200.3  Forms 9-3: Motions to Exclude P.A.S. Results and P.A.S. Refusal

§9:200.3.1       Form 9-3.1: No Foundation

§9:200.3.2       Form 9-3.2: Limited Consent

§9:200.3.3       Form 9-3.3: Denial of Due Process

§9:200.3.4       Form 9-3.4: Secondary Evidence and Hearsay

§9:200.3.5       Form 9-3.5: P.A.S. Refusal

§9:200.4  Forms 9-4: Motions to Exclude Chemical Test and Refusal

§9:200.4.1       Form 9-4.1 Chemical Test Refusal

§9:200.4.2       Form 9-4.2 Denial of Choice of Tests

§9:200.5  Form 9-5: Points and Authorities in Support of “No Inferences” in Jury Instructions

§9:200.6  Form 9-6: Motion in Limine to Exclude Evidence of “Tolerance”

§9:200.7  Form 9-7: Jury Instruction—“Driving” Defined

§9:200.8  Form 9-8: Jury Instruction—Violation of Title 17

§9:200.9  Form 9-9: Jury Instruction—Chemical Test Validity

§9:200.10                Form 9-10: Jury Instruction—Calculating Blood Alcohol from Urine Alcohol

§9:200.11                Form 9-11: Memo of Law in Support of Evid. C. §403

§9:200.12                Form 9-12: Credibility of Injured Witness

§9:200.13                Form 9-13: Jury Instruction—Mistake of Fact Defense

§9:200.14                Form 9-14: Jury Instruction—Failure to Follow CVC §23614 (Previously §23157.5)

§9:200.15                Form 9-15: Jury Instruction—Acts Constituting Alleged Offense

§9:200.16                Form 9-16: Jury Instruction—“Wet” Reckless Sentence Enhancement

§9:210   OTHER SELECTED MOTIONS

§9:210.1       Form 9-17: Motion to Exclude Various Evidence

§9:210.2       Form 9-18: Motion to Eliminate Prosecutorial Misconduct

§9:210.3       Form 9-19: Motion to Preclude Prosecutor From Diminishing Burden of Proof in Argument

§9:210.4       Form 9-20: Motion to Exclude Evidence of Field Sobriety Exercise

§9:210.5       Form 9-21: Motion to Exclude Trombetta Advisement and Defendant’s Response

§9:210.6       Form 9-22: Motion to Admit Partition Ratio Evidence

§9:210.7       Form 9-23: Motion to Exclude Evidence of Retrograde Extrapolation

§9:210.8       Form 9-24: Motion for Voir Dire

§9:220   OTHER Selected Jury Instructions

§9:220.1       Form 9-25: People Must Prove the Preliminary Facts of Foundation or Jury Must Disregard the Breath Test Results

§9:220.1.1       Form 9-26: Four Elements of Willful Refusal

§9:220.1.2       Form 9-27: The Court Cannot Give CALJIC 16.835 (Refusal is “Consciousness of Guilt”) Because the State Cannot “Punish” a Person That Did Not Consent to a Police Requested Search of His Person for the Amount of Alcohol in His Blood

§9:220.1.3       Form 9-28: Memo of Law in Support of Jury Instruction #1 (Evid. C. §403)

§9:220.2       Form 9-29: Blood Sample Can Be Taken by Police Without Defendant’s Consent

§9:220.2.1       Form 9-30: State of Mind Other Than Consciousness of Guilt

§9:220.2.2       Form 9-31: “Under the Influence” Is Defined as Driving Ability Impaired to an Appreciable Degree

§9:220.3       Form 9-32: Viewing Less Satisfactory Evidence With Distrust

§9:220.4       Form 9-33: Police Must Advise Refusal Used in Court

§9:220.4.1       Form 9-34: Title 17: Continuous Observation Period

§9:220.5       Form 9-35: Regulations of Title 17 for Breath Testing, Including Training

§9:220.5.1       Form 9-36: CVC §§13384 and 23612 Allows for Urine Test

§9:220.6       Form 9-37: Training of Operator

§9:220.6.1       Form 9-38: Willingness to Take Urine Is No Refusal

§9:220.7       Form 9-39: Standards Re Breath Testing per Title 17

§9:220.8       Form 9-40: Periodic Accuracy Standards and Required Training of an Operator

§9:220.9       Form 9-41: Labs Must Keep Training Records

§9:220.10     Form 9-42: Choice of Tests

§9:220.11     Form 9-43: Character Evidence

§9:220.12     Form 9-44: Sworn Report to DMV

§9:220.12.1     Form 9-45: Factors Re Credibility of Police Officers

§9:220.13     Form 9-46: Mistake of Fact

§9:220.14     Form 9-47: Failure to Give Trombetta Affects Credibility

§9:220.15     Form 9-48: Consciousness of Innocence

§9:220.16     Form 9-49: P&A’s in Support of Defendant’sRequest for Special Jury Instructions

§9:220.17     Form 9-50: “Permissive Inference” May Not Be Given Under New Jury Instructions

Chapter 10: Punishment

§10:10   EFFECTIVENESS OF PUNISHMENT

§10:11      Bibliography

§10:12      Explaining Drunk Driving Punishment to Your Client

§10:20   PUNISHMENT AT TIME OF SENTENCING

§10:21      CVC §23140: BAC = 0.05%

§10:22      Pen. C. §§192(c)(3) and 191.5: Veh. Manslaughter Intoxicated: Punishment and DMV Action

§10:22.1      Jail or Prison Time

§10:22.2      Driving Privilege

§10:22.3      Auto Forfeiture

§10:22.4      Other Consequences of Conviction

§10:23      Drunk Driving Punishment Charts

§10:23.1      Figure 10-1.1: Drunk Driving Punishment Chart for Offenses Between July 1, 1999, and September 19, 2005

§10:23.2      Figure 10-1.2: Drunk Driving Punishment Chart for Offenses After September 19, 2005

§10:24      License Suspensions and Revocations Triggered By CVC §23152 Conviction; Restriction Eligibility and Exclusion

§10:24(a)    First Offense CVC §23152 Convictions

§10:24(b)    Second Offense CVC §23152 Convictions

§10:24(c)    Third Offense CVC §23152 Convictions

§10:24(d)    Fourth (or more) Offense CVC §23152 Convictions

§10:24.1      Zero-Tolerance Law for Probationers (Effective January 1, 2009)

§10:24.2      Court’s Separate Authority to Restrict, Suspend, or Revoke Driving Privilege

§10:24.3      Correcting Errors and Getting Credits

§10:25      Probation Length and Standard Terms

§10:26      Additional Punishment and Probation Terms

§10:26.1      Enhancement Allegations Are Assumed to Be Strikeable

§10:26.2      First Offender and Multiple Offender DUI Programs

§10:26.3      Multiple Offender Work/DUI Program Restricted Driver’s License

§10:26.4      48 Hours Behind Bars for Multiple Offenders, or Community Service

§10:26.5      Blood Alcohol Concentration = 0.20% or Higher

§10:26.6      Chemical Test Refusal

§10:26.7      Reckless Driving and Speeding

§10:26.8      Highway Construction or Maintenance Zone

§10:26.9      Alcohol Education Penalty Assessment

§10:26.10    Alcohol and Drug Problem Assessment Program and Penalty Assessment

§10:26.11    Blood Alcohol Testing Penalty Assessment

§10:26.12    Community Service

§10:26.13    Alternatives to Fine—Community Service, Jail

§10:26.14    Restitution

§10:26.15    Court Ordered Substance Abuse Testing

§10:26.16    Probation Cost Reimbursement

§10:26.17    Vehicle Impoundment

§10:26.18    Ignition Interlock Device

§10:26.19    Time Added for Perjury at Trial

§10:26.20    Child Endangerment

§10:26.21    Booking Fees

§10:26.22    Youthful Drunk Driver Visitation Program

§10:26.23    “Three Strikes” Enhancements

§10:26.24    CVC §13202: Discretionary and Mandatory Suspensions for Drug Offenses

§10:26.25    CVC §23550.5 Enhancement for Felony Prior Conviction Within 10 Years

§10:26.26    Mandatory Watson Admonition

§10:26.27    Twenty Dollar ($20) Court Security Fee

§10:26.28    Failure to Timely Pay Fines (Additional Fee)

§10:27      Prohibited and Disfavored Probation Terms

§10:27.1      Time to Object Is Sentencing Hearing

§10:27.2      Emergency Response Costs

§10:27.3      AA Attendance

§10:27.4      T-Shirt Advertising Defendant’s Crime and Other Humiliation

§10:27.5      Waiver of Fourth Amendment Rights

§10:27.6      Waiver of Custody Time Credit?

§10:28      [Reserved]

§10:29      Ignition Interlock Device (IID)

§10:29.1      Bibliography

§10:29.2      Court Has Option to Order Ignition Interlock Device

§10:29.3      Optional Device: Driver Under 21 Years Old

§10:29.4      IID Restricted Licenses Now Available for all Multiple Offenders After Just 12 Months (NEW)

§10:29.5      Mandatory IID for CVC §14601.2 Conviction or Plea-Bargain Reduction Without Probation

§10:29.6      Crimes Related to Ignition Interlock Device

§10:29.7      DMV Court Informational Memo Explains Many Mysteries

§10:29.8      DMV Certifies Which Brands and Models Are Used

§10:29.9      Defendant’s Ability to Pay

§10:29.10    Operation of Employer’s Vehicle Without IID

§10:29.11    Out-of-State Residents

§10:30      Probation Report and Sentencing Hearing

§10:30.1      Felony Sentencing, Three Strikes, Great Bodily Injury, Proposition 36

§10:30.2      Hearing Procedure

§10:30.3      Duties of Counsel at Sentencing

§10:30.4      Presenting Defense View

§10:30.5      Court’s Power to Grant, Deny or Modify Probation

§10:30.6      Plea and Sentence in Different Jurisdiction

§10:30.7      DA’s Statement in Aggravation

§10:30.8      Challenge to Prior Conviction Enhancement

§10:31      Felony Sentencing

§10:31.1      Felony Sentencing Hearing

§10:31.2      CVC §§23550 and 23550.5: Prior Convictions Make Current Offense a Felony

§10:31.3      Determining Length of Prison Term

§10:31.4      No Upper Term or Sentence Enhancement Absent Jury Finding; But Consecutive Sentencing Permissible

§10:31.5      Three Strikes Sentencing

§10:31.6      CVC §23558 Multiple Victims Enhancement

§10:31.7      Great Bodily Injury (GBI) Enhancements

§10:31.8      CRC for Felony Drunk Driving

§10:31.9      Proposition 36 Treatment Program

§10:32      Work Furlough

§10:33      [Reserved]

§10:34      Multiple Punishment

§10:34.1      Conviction of Both Subdivisions (a) and (b)

§10:34.2      CVC §23558: Multiple Victims

§10:34.3      DUI Drugs and Alcohol

§10:34.4      Consecutive Sentences

§10:35      Time Credits

§10:35.1      Community Service; CVC §23580

§10:35.2      Custody Time Credit

§10:35.3      Good/Work-Time Credit; Weekend Sentence

§10:35.4      Correct Errors Anytime by Motion in Trial Court

§10:35.5      Mandatory Jail Isn’t Mandatory

§10:35.6      Electronic Home Detention

§10:35.7      Experiments and Pilot Projects With Time Credits

§10:35.8      Diagnostic Facility

§10:35.9      Labor on Public Works: Pickin’ Up Trash

§10:35.10    Residential Alcohol Treatment

§10:35.11    Early Release From Overcrowded Jail

§10:35.12    Serving the Jail Sentence in Another County

§10:36      Constitutional Validity of Drunk Driving Sentencing Law

§10:37      Prosecution Challenge to Misdemeanor Sentence

§10:40   RESIDENTIAL ALCOHOL TREATMENT

§10:41      Two Different Treatment Models

§10:41.1      Medical Model

§10:41.2      Non-Medical Model

§10:41.3      Pen. C. §8001 Two-Year Program (Delancy Street)

§10:41.4      Non-Medical Self-Run Recovery House

§10:42      Custody Time Credit for Residential Alcohol Treatment Program

§10:43      Good/Work-Time Credit for Residential Alcohol Treatment Program

§10:44      Accommodation for Alcoholic Employees

§10:44.1      Labor Code Requirement

§10:44.2      Americans With Disabilities Act (A.D.A.)

§10:45      No Vehicle Allowed Without Driver’s License

§10:46      Covered by Health Insurance for “Basic Health Care Services”

§10:50   DMV SANCTIONS FOR CONVICTION

§10:51      Relation to DMV Action Under Stop ‘n Snatch (Admin Per Se) Statutes

§10:52      Driving Privilege Suspension and Revocation for Drunk Driving

§10:52.1      CVC §13352: Mandatory Suspensions and Revocations for Drunk Driving Convictions

§10:52.2      DMV Action for Fatal and Serious Injury Accidents

§10:53      No Full Driving Privilege Until DUI Program Completed

§10:53.1      No Relief for Failure of Court to Order or Report to DMV

§10:53.2      Must Be a Licensed “DUI Program”

§10:53.3      Exceptions for Out-of-State Resident

§10:53.4      CVC §23103/23103.5 “Wet” Reckless Convictions

§10:53.5      Proof of Start and Completion Subsequent to Most Recent Underlying Conviction

§10:53.6      Third or Greater Offenses on or After January 1, 1986

§10:53.7      First and Second Offenses July 1, 1990, Through October 13, 1991

§10:53.8      First and Second Offenses October 14, 1991, Through December 31, 1993

§10:53.9      First Offenses January 1, 1994, Through January 1, 1995; Second Offenses On and After January 1, 1994

§10:53.10    First Offense With Probation January 1, 1995, Through June 30, 1999

§10:53.11    First Offenses on and After July 1, 1999

§10:53.12    Credit for Past Attendance in Drinking Driver Program

§10:54      Court Action Related to DMV Sanctions

§10:54.1      Court Sends Abstracts to DMV

§10:54.2      Court May Notify DMV of Driving Disability Defense

§10:54.3      Vacate Judgment for Failure to Advise of Mandatory Suspension

§10:54.4      Court May Not Order DMV to Suspend Longer

§10:54.5      Ignition Interlock Allows Return of Driving Privileges

§10:54.6      Start Time: First Offender 90-Day Restriction for Pre-9/20/05 Offenses: Consecutive to Stop ‘n Snatch Suspension

§10:54.7      Second Offender Restricted License for Pre-9/20/05 Offense Not Consecutive to Stop ‘n Snatch Suspension

§10:54.8      Start Time: Multiple Offender Suspension or Revocation

§10:54.9      Obtaining a Work/Program Restricted Driving Privilege With Late Enrollment in DUI Program

§10:54.10    Conviction Timing Selects Sanction

§10:54.11    No Suspension Until One-Year Imprisonment Completed

§10:54.12    Federal Prosecutions

§10:54.13    DUI Program Referral

§10:55      DMV Actions on Prior Convictions Are Based Upon Their Records, Not on What Was Plead or Proved in Court

§10:56      Increased or Decreased Punishment After Date of Offense

§10:56.1      In re Estrada—Decreased Criminal or Civil Penalty

§10:56.2      Statutes Presumed Prospective Unless Stated Otherwise

§10:56.3      Ex Post Facto Laws Prohibit After-the-Fact Increase in Criminal Penalty, Removal of a Defense or Reduction in Evidence

§10:56.4      Application to License Penalty Reductions

§10:57      Proof of Insurance: How to Provide

§10:57.1      CVC §16431: Proof of Insurance for Drunk Driving and Other Convictions; Admin Per Se; Unsatisfied Judgments

§10:57.2      DMV Form SR-22 for California Residents

§10:57.3      CVC §16431: Acceptable Substitute for Out-of-State Residents With Drunk Driving Arrest or Conviction

§10:57.4      CVC §16056: Proof of Insurance for Suspension “Based Upon an Action,” i.e., an Accident

§10:58      Exceptions and Exemptions

§10:58.1      Employee Driving on Private Property

§10:58.2      Motorized Bicycles

§10:59      Commercial Class, Endorsement and Certificate Offenses and Licenses

§10:59.1      Additional Penalties for Commercial, Endorsement and Certificate Drivers and Offenses

§10:59.2      Limited Waivers Allowed

§10:59.3      Employer/Employee Duties

§10:59.4      Additional Penalties for Commercial License Holders (or Applicants) Who Suffer §§23152 or 23153 Conviction Regardless of Whether Commercial Vehicle Involved; Exception for Pre-9/20/05 Violations

§10:59.5      Life-Time Revocation on Commercial Privilege for Use of Any Vehicle Used in Commission of a Felony Involving Controlled Substance; Exception

§10:59.6      Additional Penalties for an Endorsement and Certificate LICENSEE for ALL Two-Point Offenses

§10:60   violation of court order

§10:60.1      Failure to Pay Fine

§10:60.2      Failure to Obey any Court Order

§10:70   INTERSTATE IMPLICATIONS OF DRUNK DRIVING CONVICTIONS

§10:80   DRIVING-UNDER-THE-INFLUENCE PROGRAM—(DUI PROGRAM)

§10:81      General Information

§10:81.1      Statutes and Regulations

§10:81.2      Figure 10-3 Chart: 18 and 30 Month DUI Program Requirements

§10:81.3      Directory of Providers

§10:81.4      Completion Required for Full Return of Driving Privileges

§10:81.5      False Proof of Completion Is a Crime

§10:81.6      CVC §23140: DUI Program Requirement

§10:82      First Offender Program (F.O.P.)

§10:82.1      Completion Required for Full Return of Driving Privileges

§10:82.2      Three Months Duration, but Longer if Chemical Test Refusal or BAC = 0.20%

§10:82.3      Early Enrollment Without Court Referral

§10:82.4      Mandatory Probation Revocation for Failure to Complete DUI Program

§10:83      Multiple Offender DUI Program

§10:83.1      Completion Required for Return of Full Driving Privileges

§10:83.2      Start Date Must Be Subsequent to Most Recent Offense Date

§10:83.3      Reattendance for Offenses After July 1, 1999: No Limits on Benefits

§10:83.4      Late Enrollment in a DUI Program

§10:83.5      Reinstatement and Re-Referral After Being Kicked Out

§10:83.6      30-Month DUI Program

§10:90   PROBATION VIOLATION: DRUNK DRIVING ISSUES

§10:91      Notice to Other Courts

§10:92      Not Based on Unconstitutional Prior

§10:93      Mandatory Revocation

§10:93.1      Court’s Revocation Discretion

§10:93.2      Mandatory Penalties

§10:94      Petition to Revoke Probation

§10:94.1      Defending Against Petition to Revoke Probation

§10:100 JUVENILES AND PERSONS UNDER 21

§10:101    Juveniles

§10:101.1    Cannot Blanket Deny Informal Probation; Cannot Suspend License for Juvenile on Informal Probation

§10:101.2    “Conviction” Useable by DMV But Not as a Prior Offense by the Court

§10:101.3    Driving Privilege Suspension

§10:102    Persons Under 21 Years of Age

§10:102.1    CVC §23136: 0.01% or Higher Zero Tolerance

§10:102.2    CVC §23140: BAC $0.05%

§10:102.3    CVC §13202.5: One-Year Suspension for Alcohol-Related Offenses

§10:102.4    CVC §§23509 et seq.: The Youthful Drunk Driver Visitation Program Act

§10:110 PROFESSIONAL LICENSES AND OTHER CONSEQUENCES OF CONVICTION

§10:111    Moral Turpitude

§10:112    Attorneys

§10:113    Judges

§10:114    Immigrants, Aliens and Non-Citizens

§10:114.1    Immigrant Visa

§10:114.2    No Citizenship Eligibililty While on Probation

§10:114.3    Deportation for Crime of Moral Turpitude, Controlled Substances Offense, Aggravated Felony “Crime of Violence”

§10:114.4    Felony DUI Is Not “Violent Felony” Under Federal Armed Career Criminal Act

§10:114.5    Foreign Travel Restrictions

§10:115    Commercial Driver’s License Holders

§10:116    Pilots

§10:116.1    Bibliography

§10:116.2    Attorneys With Practical Experience

§10:116.3    Federal Aviation Regulations

§10:116.4    Reporting

§10:116.5    Medical Certificate

§10:117    Government Employees

§10:117.1    Self-Reporting Requirements for Armed Services Officers and Senior Enlisted Members

§10:118    Medical Doctors and Others Licensed by Division of Medical Quality of the Medical Board of California Doctors

§10:118.1    Nurses

§10:118.2    Insurance Brokers

§10:118.3    Vehicle Salespersons and Dealers

§10:118.4    General Rule of Criminal Conviction Consequences for Licensees and License Applicants, Including Real Estate Brokers

§10:118.5    Public School Teachers

§10:118.6    DUI Convictions Should Always Be Disclosed on License Applications or License Renewal Forms

§10:119    Mandatory Reporting of Criminal Convictions by Prosecutors, Court Clerks or Licensees

§10:120    Attorney’s Fees in Civil Action After Felony Conviction

§10:121    Emergency Response Costs

§10:122    Social Security Benefits

§10:123    Conviction Goes on Driver’s License Records

§10:123.1    California Record

§10:123.2    National Driver Register

§10:124    Conviction Prevents Civil Damage Award

Chapter 11: DMV Proceedings

§11:10   The Administrative Per Se (APS) Suspension Action

§11:11      Grounds for Issuance of an APS Order

§11:12      APS Suspension Periods

§11:13      Concurrent vs. Consecutive Suspension Orders

§11:14      With Certain Exceptions, No Restricted License Eligibility on APS Suspension

§11:14.1      Exceptions

§11:14.1.1        First-Time Offender Over 21 With Excessive BAC

§11:14.1.1(a)     Grounds for Denial or Termination of Restricted License

§11:14.1.2        First-Time Offender Over 21 Holding Commercial License and Driving a Commercial Vehicle With Excessive BAC

§11:14.1.3        Critical Need to Drive for Persons Under 21

§11:15      Record Must Be Updated in Sacramento DMV for Reinstatement

§11:20   Procedure Prior to Administrative Hearing

§11:21      Service of APS Order

§11:21.1      Prominent Notice of Right to Hearing

§11:21.2      Foreign Language Notice

§11:22      Seizure (“Snatching”) of California License and Issuance of Temporary License

§11:23      Manner of Service

§11:24      Service of the Wrong Order

§11:25      Sworn Statement and Supporting Information Forwarded to DMV by Officer

§11:26      Blood and Urine Samples Sent to Forensic Lab; Lab Sends Results to DMV

§11:27      Automatic Internal Review by DMV and Factual Determination by DMV

§11:30   Requesting the Hearing

§11:31      How to Request a Hearing

§11:32      Contents of the Hearing Request

§11:33      The 10-Day Deadline (the Law and Reality)

§11:33.1      Exceptions to the DMV’s 10-Day Deadline

§11:34      Telephone vs. In-Person Hearing Request

§11:35      Hearing Location

§11:36      Motion for Change of Venue

§11:37      Notice of Hearing

§11:40   The Renewed Right to a Hearing (or Second Hearing)

§11:41      New Hearing as of Right

§11:41.1      Obtaining the Renewed Hearing

§11:42      New Hearing by Discretion

§11:50   Preparing for the Hearing

§11:51      Discovery

§11:52      Request for Discovery

§11:53      Non-Compliance With Discovery Demand

§11:54      Subpoenaing Witnesses

§11:54.1      Manner of Service

§11:54.2      Fees for Government Employees

§11:54.3      Enforcing a Subpoena

§11:55      Testimony by Affidavit or Declaration

§11:60   The Hearing Procedure

§11:61      Continuances and “Reconvenes”

§11:61.1      Denial of Continuances

§11:62      Reopening Hearing and Receipt of Evidence After Hearing

§11:63      Dual Role: Prosecutor and Decision-Maker

§11:64      Grounds for Disqualification of Hearing Officer

§11:64.1      Voluntary Disqualification

§11:64.2      Challenge for Cause

§11:64.3      No Peremptory Challenge

§11:65      Hearing Officer Need Not Be an Attorney

§11:66      Right to a Prompt Hearing and Decision; Stay Order

§11:66.1      Rejecting the Stay Order

§11:67      Limited Power of DMV Hearing Officer

§11:70   Rules of Evidence

§11:71      The Applicable Rules of Evidence

§11:72      The Hearsay Rule

§11:73      Exception Might Permit Sole Use of Driver’s Hearsay Evidence

§11:74      Hearsay-in-Hearsay

§11:75      Hearsay Police Reports

§11:75.1      Hearsay Statement of Officer in Another Officer’s Report

§11:75.2      Hearsay Statement of Public Employee in Officer’s Report

§11:75.3      Hearsay Statement of a Private Citizen in Officer’s Hearsay Report

§11:76      [Reserved]

§11:77      [Reserved]

§11:78      Right to Continuance to Question Hearsay Declarant

§11:79      The Public Employee Records Exception

§11:79.1      The Statute—Evid. Code §1280

§11:79.2      Within the Scope of Duty of Public Employee

§11:79.3      Contemporaneous Recording Requirement

§11:79.4      Trustworthiness Requirement Is Presumptively Satisfied

§11:80      Official Notice

§11:81      Official Duty Presumption

§11:82      DMV’s Official Records

§11:83      Unsworn Statements

§11:84      Admissibility of Chemical Test Report

§11:84.1      Unsworn Chemical Test Report

§11:84.2      Non-Certified Chemical Test Report Received Electronically or By Computer From Computerized Database

§11:85      Hearing Officer’s Experience, Technical Competence and Specialized Knowledge

§11:86      Evidentiary Privileges

§11:87      Preservation of Evidence

§11:88      Authentication of Documents

§11:89      Corpus Delecti Rule

§11:90      Testimony by Affidavit or Declaration

§11:91      Electronic Reports and Signatures

§11:92      Crime Lab Reports

§11:92.1      Crime Labs Don’t Need Licenses From DHS

§11:92.2      Crime Labs No Longer Subject to Inspections and Proficiency Testing Minimized

§11:92.3      DHS No Longer Will Keep Lists of Persons Approved to Conduct Forensic Alcohol Testing

§11:100 The Exclusionary Rule

§11:101    Exclusionary Rule Inapplicable Absent Egregious Conduct By Police

§11:102    Unlawful Speed Trap Rule

§11:110 Affirmative Defenses

§11:120 EXCESSIVE BAC HEARING (.08% or Higher)

§11:121    Summary of the Issues

§11:122    Analysis of the Issues

§11:122.1    ISSUE 1: Reasonable Cause to Believe Person in Violation of CVC §23152 or §23153

§11:122.2    ISSUE 2: The Person Was Arrested

§11:122.2.1      “Lawful” Arrest Required

§11:122.2.1(a)   Officer Must Observe Licensee Commit a Traffic Violation

§11:122.2.2      What Constitutes an Arrest?

§11:122.2.3      Arrest That Becomes Detention Only

§11:122.2.4      DUI Checkpoints and Other Roadblock Detentions

§11:122.2.5      Speed Trap Arrest Is Not Legal

§11:122.2.6      Non-Presence Misdemeanor Arrest and the §40300.5 Exception

§11:122.2.7      Officer Must Have State-Issued P.O.S.T. Certificate

§11:122.2.8      Military and Federal Police

§11:122.2.9      California Police Officer Outside His Employing Jurisdiction

§11:122.2.10    May an Arrest Be Found Lawful Where the Initial Detention Is Not?

§11:122.3    ISSUE 3: Person Was Driving With a 0.08% or Higher BAC

§11:122.3.1      Driving

§11:122.3.2      “Vehicle”

§11:122.3.3      Must Be Direct Evidence of BAC

§11:122.3.4      Scientific Foundation; Official Duty Presumption; Shifting Burden of Proof

§11:122.4    ISSUE 4: Prior Convictions and APS Findings

§11:122.4.1      DMV Code Numbers for Priors

§11:122.4.2      Manner of Establishing Priors

§11:122.4.3      Out-of-State Prior Convictions and Administrative Actions

§11:130 EXCESSIVE BAC HEARING (.01% OR HIGHER)

§11:131    Summary of Issues

§11:132    Analysis of Issues

§11:133    Manner of Testing One Suspected of Zero-Tolerance Violation

§11:134    P.A.S. Test Result Admissibility

§11:140 CHEMICAL TEST REFUSAL HEARING

§11:141    Summary of Issues

§11:142    Analysis of Issues

§11:142.1    Proof of Actual Driving Not Required

§11:142.2    Reasonable Cause and Lawful Arrest/Detention

§11:142.3    Advised of Obligation and Consequences of Refusal

§11:142.3.1      Erroneous Advice Concerning Length of Suspension

§11:142.3.2      Erroneous Conduct Concerning Submission to P.A.S. Test

§11:142.3.3      Failure to Admonish That Refusal May Be Used in Court

§11:142.3.4      Drug Test Advice

§11:142.4    Refusal

§11:142.4.1      Must Clearly and Unambiguously Manifest Consent

                         §11:142.4.1(a)         ‑“Do Whatever You Have to Do!” vs. “I’m Not Even   Going to Give You an Answer!”

                         §11:142.4.1(b)         Refusal to Answer But No Physical Resistance

                         §11:142.4.1(c)         Refusal to Sign Hospital Blood Consent Form

§11:142.4.2      One Offer and One Rejection Is Usually a Refusal

                         §11:142.4.2(a)         ‑Initial Refusal When Testing Not Yet Available, Followed by Consent

§11:142.4.3      Interuptive and Other Disruptive Conduct

§11:142.4.4      Denial of Choice

§11:142.4.5      Constitutional Rights Not Implicated; Exception

§11:142.4.6      Right to See Blood Tech’s Credentials

§11:142.4.7      Head Injury and Other Mental Defenses

§11:142.4.8      Hemophilia or Heart Condition

§11:142.4.9      Must Complete Chemical Test

                         §11:142.4.9(a)         Submission to P.A.S. Testing Only

§11:142.4.10    Forced Extraction Does Not Vitiate Refusal

§11:145 REFUSAL HEARING FOR PERSONS UNDER 21 AND DUI PROBATIONERS

§11:150 Hearing Officer’s Decision; Findings and Conclusions

§11:151    Decision Announced at Conclusion of Hearing

§11:152    Decision Sent by Mail

§11:153    Findings and Conclusions

§11:160 Relation to Criminal Case

§11:161    “Acquittal” on Excessive BAC Allegation Rescinds Administrative Suspension Order Based on Same Issues

§11:161.1    Meaning of “Acquittal”

§11:161.2    “Dismissal” Will Generally Not Rescind Suspension Order

§11:161.3    Charges Not Filed

§11:162    Collateral Estoppel

§11:163    Plea Bargain Solution (The Helmandollar Plea)

§11:164    Sequence of Events Immaterial

§11:165    Alternatives Where No Criminal Charges Filed or Charges Dismissed

§11:166    Suspension and Revocation Orders Run Concurrently, Except Where Court Specifically Orders Otherwise in a Refusal Case

§11:167    Conflict Between Restriction Order From Court and APS Suspension

§11:167.1    First Offender Cases

§11:167.2    Second Offender Cases

§11:168    Use of Court Conviction by DMV in an APS Hearing

§11:169    First Offender School Counts for Both Court and APS Restriction Eligibility

§11:170    Best Not to Tinker With the Court’s Scope of Restriction

§11:171    DMV and Court Actions Are Not Precluded by Double Jeopardy Prohibition

§11:180 Use by DMV of Out-of-State Prior Conviction in APS Action

§11:181    How DMV Learns About Out-of-State Conviction

§11:182    Means of Proving Out-of-State Conviction

§11:183    Limitation on Use of Out-of-State Conviction

§11:184    Means of Establishing Prior Conviction as a Qualifying Offense

§11:190 A Practical Approach to APS Hearings and Appeals

§11:191    Winning in the Non-Traditional Sense

§11:192    Driver Facing Multiple APS Actions at the Same Time

§11:193    Does Seeking Departmental Review Make Sense?

§11:194    Does Filing a Petition for Writ of Mandamus Make Sense?

§11:200 Suspensions and Revocations Based on Other Grounds

§11:201    Title 13, Cal. C. of Regs, §110.04—Driver’s License Action Disciplinary Guidelines

§11:202    Physical and Mental Conditions

§11:202.1    Authority to Withhold or Revoke Driving Privilege

§11:202.2    Written Report Triggers Action

§11:202.3    Action Taken by DMV Upon Receipt of Report

§11:202.4    Request for Hearing

§11:202.5    Hearing and Evidence

§11:202.6    Determination

§11:203    Negligent Operator

§11:203.1    Authority to Suspend, Revoke, or Withhold Privilege

§11:203.2    Presumption of Negligent Operation

§11:203.3    Notice of Action and Right to Hearing

§11:203.4    Request for Hearing

§11:203.5    Hearing and Evidence

§11:203.6    Determination

§11:204    Fatal or Serious Injury Accident

§11:205    Other Grounds

§11:206    Reinstatement of Driving Privilege

§11:210 Forms

§11:211    Form 11-1: ‑Supplemental Points and Authorities in Support of Set Aside Order

§11:212    Form 11-2: Petition for Writ of Mandate and Points and Authorities on the Failure to State in a Prominent Manner the Driver’s Right to a Hearing Within 10 Days

§11:213    Form 11-3: DMV Hearing Request—Admin Per Se—In Pro Per

§11:214    Form 11-4: Request for Hearing, Discovery and Subpoenas

§11:214.1    Form 11-4.1: Request for Late HearingDMV Employee Misconduct

§11:215    Form 11-5: Motion for Set Aside on the Grounds That a Continuance Was Granted Without Good Cause

§11:216    Form 11-6: Motion for Set Aside for Delayed Hearing and Decision

§11:217    Form 11-7: Declaration for Challenge for Cause Against DMV Hearing Officer

§11:218    Form 11-8: Downer Motion

§11:219    Form 11-9: Motion for Acquittal on 2315(b)—Helmandollar

§11:220    Form 11-10: Order of Acquittal of CVC §23152(b) Charge

Chapter 12: Criminal Appeals and Civil Writs

§12:10   CRIMINAL APPEALS FROM MISDEMEANOR CONVICTIONS

§12:11      Jurisdiction of Superior Court Appellate Department

§12:11.1      Trial Judge Disqualified From Sitting on Appellate Panel

§12:11.2      Judge Who Heard Any Contested Pretrial Proceeding Is Also Disqualified From Sitting on Appellate Panel

§12:12      Rules of Court

§12:13      Duties of Trial Counsel for Indigent Defendants

§12:14      Notice of Appeal

§12:14.1      Form 12-1: Notice of Appeal

§12:14.2      Certificate of Probable Cause After Guilty Plea

§12:15      Notice of Record Preparation Election

§12:16      Settling and Certifying the Record

§12:16.1      Forms to Settle and Certify Record

§12:16.1.1        Form 12-2: Proposed Statement on Appeal

§12:17      Stay of Trial Pending Pretrial Appeal

§12:18      Briefs and Decision on Appeal

§12:18.1      Form 12-3: Opening Brief Title Page

§12:19      Proceedings Following Decision

§12:19.1      Finality of Judgment

§12:19.2      Petition for Rehearing

§12:19.3      Transfer of Case to Court of Appeal

§12:19.4      Petition to Court of Appeal for Transfer

§12:19.5      Publication and Depublication

§12:19.6      Peremptory Challenge After Reversal

§12:19.7      Speedy Trial Right After Remittitur Issued

§12:20      Only One Appellate Judge for Traffic Infraction Appeal

§12:21      Writs in Criminal Cases

§12:30   WRITS IN DMV ADMINISTRATIVE CASES

§12:31      Writ of Mandamus Procedure

§12:32      May First (or Simultaneously) Request Departmental Review

§12:32.1      Form 12-4: Sample Departmental Review Request

§12:33      Time Limit for Filing Petition in Superior Court

§12:33.1      Form 12-5: Sample Transcript Request

§12:34      DMV’s Duty to Deliver Complete Record to Petitioner

§12:35      Remedy for Lost Record Is Set Aside of Suspension

§12:36      DMV Must Pay Expenses for Repeat Hearing Due to Lost Record

§12:37      Record on Review Limited to Record of Hearing

§12:37.1      Form 12-6: Points and Authorities Regarding Making Your Record for Appeal

§12:37.2      Form 12-7: Points and Authorities Regarding Evidence Code §604 for Writ

§12:38      Petitioner’s Duty to Present Adequate Record

§12:39      Venue

§12:40      Superior Court Standard of Review Is “Independent Judgment”

§12:40.1      Form 12-8: Sample Points and Authorities Regarding Independent Judgment

§12:41      Attorney’s Fees and Costs

§12:41.1      Form 12-9: Sample Request for Attorney’s Fees

§12:42      Alternative Writ vs. Petition and Motion

§12:43      Filing and Service

§12:44      Costs for Filing Petition

§12:44.1      Form 12-10: Sample Petition for Writ of Review

§12:45      Stay of Suspension/Revocation Pending Review

§12:46      Costs for Filing Ex Parte

§12:46.1      Form 12-11: Sample Declaration of Notice of Ex Parte

§12:46.2      Form 12-12: Sample Points and Authorities for an Ex Parte Application for Stay

§12:46.3      Forms 12-13: Sample Orders

§12:47      Legal Arguments and Grounds Not Included in Petition Form

§12:47.1      Denial of Due Process

§12:47.2      Denial of Equal Protection

§12:47.3      Writ Review on Matters Prior to Final Decision

§12:48      Form 12-14: Judgment Granting Writ of Mandate/Review

§12:49      Checkpoints for Filing Writ

§12:49.1      Pre-Printed Judicial Council DMV Writ Forms

§12:50      Appeal of Superior Court Decision to Court of Appeal

§12:50.1      Standard of Review

§12:50.2      “Stay” Pending Decision from Court of Appeal

§12:50.3      Order Remanding Matter Back to DMV for Further Hearing Not Appealable

§12:50.4      Form 12-15: Sample Supersedeas

§12:60   Rule 8.268. Rehearing

§12:70   Rule 8.500. Petition for review

§12:80   Rule 8.1120. Requesting publication of unpublished opinions

§12:90   Rule 8.1125. Requesting depublication of published opinions

Chapter 13: Interstate Implications of Drunk Driving Convictions

§13:10   Interstate Consequences Of Drunk Driving Convictions

§13:11      The Problem—Nowhere to Run/Nowhere to Hide

§13:12      Interstate Agreements

§13:13      CVC §§15000, et seq.—The Interstate Driver’s License Compact

§13:13.1      CVC §15020(a)—Findings and Policy Statement

§13:13.2      CVC §15021—Compact Definitions

§13:13.3      CVC §15022—Reports of Convictions

§13:13.4      CVC §15023—Effect of Conviction in a Party’s State

§13:13.5      How Out-of-State Convictions Appear on a California Driving Record

§13:14      To Be Useable by California the Out-of-State Conviction Must Pass an Equivalency Test

§13:14.1      Chargeable as a Prior Conviction in California Courts if Equivalent

§13:14.2      Useable by California DMV if Equivalent

§13:14.3      Equivalency of Out-of-State Prior Convictions

§13:15      Full Faith and Credit

§13:16      Representing a California Resident With an Out-of-State Conviction

§13:17      Representing an Out-of-State Resident Facing Suspension in Home State Because of a California Drunk Driving Conviction

§13:17.1      CVC §15023: Home State Must Suspend if Its Laws Require Suspension for an Equivalent Offense

§13:17.2      Proof of Insurance

§13:18      Representing an Out-of-State Resident Suspended in California for Failure to Enroll in or Complete a California Licensed DUI Program

§13:18.1      Person Not a California Resident on DATE OF CONVICTION Should NOT Be Suspended or Revoked for Not Doing a DUI Program

§13:18.2      Non-California Resident on DATE OF REINSTATEMENT Is Eligible for Reinstatement Without Doing a DUI Program

§13:18.3      Form 13-1: DMV Form DL 4006 (Formerly DL 589)

§13:18.4      Form 13-2: Complete Text of DMV Form DL 4007

§13:18.5      Other Solutions for Unreasonable Court

§13:19      Representing a Person Moving to California With an Out-of-State Drunk Driving Conviction on Home State Record

§13:20   Lawyers With Practical Experience

§13:21      Checklist for Interstate Driver License Issues

§13:22      Overview and Flow Charts of Licensing Consequences

§13:23      State-by-State Listing of DMV Contacts

Chapter 14: Restitution

§14:10   THE REMEDY OF RESTITUTION DEFINED

§14:11     Definition of Restitution

§14:12     Restitution in Criminal Law and Civil Law (Torts)

§14:20   THE VICTIM’S RIGHT TO RESTITUTION

§14:21     A California Constitutional Right to Restitution

§14:22     The Statutory Right to Restitution and Legislative Intent

§14:30   THE DEFENDANT’S RIGHT TO CONTEST THE AMOUNT OF RESTITUTION AND RIGHT TO AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING

§14:31     The Right to an Evidentiary Hearing

§14:32     Requirement That Restitution Amount Be Determined at a Later Date by Sentencing Court

§14:33     Restitution Must Be for Injuries Caused by the Defendant’s Criminal Conduct or Must Serve a Rehabilitative Purpose

§14:40   RESTITUTION AS A CONDITION OF PROBATION

§14:41     Scope of Restitution Order: Economic vs. Non-Economic Losses

§14:42     Responsibilities and Duties of Probation Department Re: Restitution

§14:43     Negotiating the Amount of Restitution and Probation Conditions as Part of a Plea Agreement

§14:44     Impact of Insurance Payments and/or Civil Court Settlements on Criminal Court Determinations of Restitution Amount Owed to the Victim

§14:44.1    Costs and Attorney Fees Incurred by Victim

§14:45     Establishment of Bank Account by Probation Department for Deposits of Payments Towards Restitution Amount

§14:46     State Restitution Agencies Available to Assist Victims

§14:47     Appellate Decisions and Other Authorities

§14:48     Relevant Restitution Statutes

§14:48.1    Penal Code §1202.4—Restitution Fines, Hearings, Losses, Expenses, Interest Rate

§14:48.2    Penal Code §1202.41—Hearing re Restitution Order Where Victim Has Received Assistance From Restitution Fund; Modifications or Amendments; Defendant’s Physical Presence

§14:48.3    Penal Code §1202.42—Entry of Restitution Order, Wage Garnishment Provisions, Orders for Income Deduction

§14:48.4    Penal Code §1202.43—Payment of Restitution Fine

§14:50   BANKRUPTCY DISCHARGES FINE, BUT NOT RESTITUTION

§14:60   ATTORNEY’S FEES IN CIVIL ACTION AFTER FELONY CONVICTION

§14:70   EMERGENCY RESPONSE COSTS

Appendix A: Telephone Directory

Appendix B: DMV Forms and Codes

Appendix C: Title 17 Update

Appendix D: State and Federal Statutes, Regulations, and Codes

Appendix E: California Drunk Driving Law’s Unpublished Case Digest

Table of Cases

Table of Statutes

Index

C9

   Updated 01/09/12

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