Volume 1

 

Chapter 1: Drunk Driving Offenses
§1:10     BASIC DRUNK DRIVING OFFENSES

§1:11       Veh. C. §§23152(a) and (b): DUI Alcohol; 0.08% Per Se

§1:11.1   A Comparison of Subdivisions (a) and (b)

§1:11.2   Direct Breath 0.08% Per Se Offense

§1:11.3   Double Jeopardy Attack on 0.08% Per Se Statute

§1:11.4   Vagueness Attack on 0.08% Per Se Statute

§1:11.5   Direct Breath Per Se Offense Based Upon Drinking AFTER Driving

§1:11.6   “Drive”

§1:11.7   “Highway” Driving Not Required

§1:11.8   “Vehicle”

§1:11.9   Impairment by Alcohol—Sufficiency of Evidence

§1:11.10  Test Results Near the Limit—Sufficiency of Evidence

§1:11.11  Proof of Impairment Based Upon Bad Judgment

§1:11.12  Multiple Charges from Same Act or Course of Conduct

§1:11.13  Allegations of DUI Drugs Without Evidence in Support

§1:12       Veh. C. §23152(a) Based Upon DUI Drugs (Rollingstoned)

§1:12.1   Impairment to an Appreciable Degree

§1:12.2   Proof of Impairment Based Upon Bad Judgment

§1:12.3   Forensic Science Mostly Favors the Defendant

§1:12.4   Common Prescription Medications

§1:12.5   Illicit Drugs

§1:12.6      Expert Testimony and Drug Recognition Experts (DRE)

§1:12.7      NHTSA Training Materials on DRE

§1:12.8      Evidence Issues

§1:12.9      Zero Tolerance Drug-Related Driving Offenses

§1:12.10    Allegations of DUI Drugs Without Evidence in Support

§1:12.11    No Need to Name Every Drug

§1:13       Veh. C. §23152(c): Driving by Addicted Person

§1:14       Veh. C. §23152(d): Commercial 0.04% Per Se

§1:15       Veh. C. §§23550 and 23550.5: Felony Drunk Driving Due to Prior Convictions

§1:15.1      Veh. C. §23550: Three Priors

§1:15.2      Veh. C. §23550.5: Felony-Punished Drunk Driving Prior Within 10 Years

§1:16       Under 21; Juveniles

§1:16.1      Veh. C. §23136: 0.01% Admin Per Se Under 21

§1:16.2      Veh. C. §§23140: 0.05% Per Se Under 21

§1:16.3      Veh. C. §§23152 and 23153

§1:16.4      Juvenile Drunk Driving Prosecution Procedure

§1:17       Veh. C. §23577: Chemical Test Refusal Sentence Enhancement

§1:18       Veh. C. §23572: Child Endangerment Sentence Enhancement

§1:20       Felony Drunk Driving

§1:21       Veh. C. §23153 (a) and (b)

§1:21.1      Forbidden Act or Neglected Duty; Supporting Offense

§1:21.2      Proof of Forbidden Act and Neglected Duty

§1:21.3      Pleading of Forbidden Act and Neglected Duty

§1:21.4      Double Jeopardy Attack on Supporting Offense

§1:21.5      Cause: But for, Proximate, Concurrent, Superseding and Intervening

§1:21.6      Bodily Injury to Another

§1:21.6.1         Great Bodily Injury

§1:21.7      Charging More Than One Person Injured or Killed

§1:22       Veh. C. §23153(d): Commercial 0.04% Per Se With Injury

§1:23       DMV Action for Fatal and Serious Injury Accidents

§1:24       Felony Drunk Driving Due to Prior Convictions

§1:25       Drunk Driving Murder

§1:26       Reduction to Misdemeanor by Magistrate

§1:30     VEHICULAR MANSLAUGHTER

§1:31       Pen. C. §192(c)(3): Vehicular Manslaughter While Intoxicated

§1:31.1      Elements of the Offense

§1:31.2      Punishment

§1:32       Pen. C. §191.5: Gross Vehicular Manslaughter While Intoxicated

§1:32.1      Elements of the Offense

§1:32.2      Use of Veh. C. §23140 as the Drunk Driving Offense

§1:32.3      Punishment

§1:33       Death of a Human Being

§1:33.1      Death Requires Injury

§1:33.2      Death of a Fetus

§1:33.3      Charging More Than One Person Killed

§1:34       Lesser Related vs. Lesser Included Offense of Murder

§1:35       Jury Instructions

§1:35.1      Unlawful Act

§1:35.2      Lawful Act in an Unlawful Manner

§1:35.3      Proximate Cause

§1:36       Retrial After Mistrial

§1:37       Punishment and DMV Action

§1:38       Felony Drunk Driving Due to Prior Convictions

§1:40     COMMERCIAL VEHICLES AND COMMON CARRIERS

§1:41       49 U.S.C. §§2701 et seq.: Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act

§1:41.1      Arrest and Detention for Commercial Offenses

§1:41.2      Veh. C. §23152(d): Commercial Driving 0.04% Per Se

§1:41.3      Veh. C. §34501.15: Commercial Driving Over 0.01% BAC

§1:41.4      Transportation Employee Drug and Alcohol Testing

§1:42       Common Carrier Operation Under Influence

§1:42.1      Pub. Util. C. §§7818, 7679 and 21407.5; Harb. & Nav. C. §655: California Common Carrier Offense

§1:42.2      18 U.S.C. §§341 et seq.: Federal Common Carrier Offense

§1:50     OTHER DRINKING/DRIVING OFFENSES

§1:51       Pen. C. §664: Attempted Drunk Driving

§1:51.1      Arrest

§1:51.2      The Offense

§1:51.3      Plea Bargaining Significance

§1:51.4      Right to Jury Instruction on Attempt in Drunk Driving Case

§1:51.5      Veh. C. §21200.5: Drunk Bicycling

§1:52       Pen. C. §193.8: Lending Vehicle to Intoxicated Juvenile

§1:53       Drunk Boating

§1:53.1      Common Carrier Ships and Vessels

§1:53.2      Harb. & Nav. C. §655: California Drunk Boating

§1:53.3      46 U.S.C. §2101: Federal Drunk Boating

§1:54       Veh. C. §21221.5: “Motorized Scooter” Drunk Driving

§1:54.1      Common Carrier Ships and Vessels

§1:54.2      California Drunk Boating

§1:54.3      Drunk Boating Diversion

§1:54.4      46 U.S.C. §2101: Federal Drunk Boating

§1:60     FEDERAL OFFENSES, PROSECUTION AND PROGRAMS

§1:60.1      Bibliography

§1:61       Practice Tips

§1:62       Jury Trial Right

§1:63       Jurisdiction Differences—Federal vs. State Prosecution

§1:63.1      Demurrer to Charges in Wrong Jurisdiction

§1:63.2      Arrest Outside Cop’s Jurisdiction

§1:63.3      Assimilative Crimes: State Crimes Prosecuted in Federal Court

§1:63.4      Federal Crimes

§1:64       Use of Federal Conviction as Prior Offense

§1:65       Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act

§1:66       National Driver Register

Chapter 2: Additional Charges

§2:10     INFRACTION TRAFFIC OFFENSES

§2:11       General Information

§2:11.1      Read Fight Your Ticket

§2:11.2      Is a “Full Custodial Arrest” Legal?

§2:11.3      Pen. C. §654 and Multiple Prosecutions

§2:11.4      Veh. C. §§21001 and 24001: “Operation” of “Vehicles” Upon the “Highways”

§2:11.5      Distinctive Uniform and Vehicle

§2:11.6      Practice Tips for Fighting Traffic Infractions

§2:11.7      Traffic Violator School and Diversion

§2:11.8      County Amnesty Programs

§2:11.9      Notice to Appear, Arrest, Custody and Bail Schedules

§2:11.10    Local Ordinances

§2:11.11    Traffic Signs and Other Traffic Control Devices

§2:11.12    Federal Enclave Prosecution of Traffic Offenses

§2:11.13    Conversion to Civil Administrative Sanctions

§2:11.14    Prosecution on Citation Serving as the Complaint

§2:11.15    BAJI Instructions on Infraction Offenses

§2:11.16    Rules of Court and Standards of Judicial Administration

§2:11.17    DMV Negligent Operator Actions

§2:11.18    Fines for Traffic Infractions

§2:12       Speeding

§2:12.1      Complaint Must Allege Speed of Vehicle

§2:12.2      Basic Speed Law

§2:12.3      Prima Facie Speed Limits

§2:12.4      Maximum Speed Limits

§2:12.5      Radar Speed Law Enforcement

§2:12.6      Validity of Speed Limit Usually an Element of the Offense

§2:12.7      Veh. C. §23109: Speed Contest

§2:12.8      Driving Privilege Suspension for Speed Over 100 mph

§2:13       Speed Traps Generally; Remedies for Use

§2:13.1      Speed Trap Remedies for Charges Involving the Speed of a Vehicle

§2:13.2      Speed Trap Remedies Apply to Pretrial Hearings Too

§2:13.3      Alternative Remedies for Speed Traps Where Speeding Charges Not Involved

§2:14       Measured-Section-of-Highway Speed Traps

§2:15       Radar and Lidar Speed Traps

§2:15.1      Photo Radar

§2:15.2      Radar and Lidar Speed Trap With Survey Five-Years Old or Less

§2:15.3      Radar and Lidar Speed Traps Using Surveys Five- to Ten-Years Old (January 1, 1999, Amendments to Veh. C. §40802)

§2:15.4      Veh. C. §40802 Applies to Unjustified Prima Facie Speed Limits

§2:15.5      Veh. C. §40802 Applies to Laser Speed Detection and Other Electronics

§2:15.6      Prosecution Has Burden of Producing Survey

§2:15.7      Survey Must Meet Evidentiary Objections

§2:15.8      Requirements for a Proper Survey

§2:15.9      What if Survey Shows Defendant’s Speed Unsafe?

§2:15.10    What if Defendant Exceeded the Maximum Speed Limit in a Prima Facie Speed Zone?

§2:15.11    No Visual Estimates of Speed

§2:16       Lack of Insurance: Criminal Prosecution

§2:16.1      At Time of Vehicle Registration

§2:16.2      Criminal Offense for No Evidence of Insurance at Time of Accident or Notice to Appear

§2:16.3      Exchange of Information Regarding Accident

§2:16.4      Driving Privilege Suspension Following Accident

§2:17       Motorcycle Violations

§2:17.1      O.K. to Use Car Pool Lanes

§2:17.2      Detention for Drunk Driving

§2:17.3      Detention for Unlicensed Driving

§2:17.4      Helmets

§2:18       Illegal U-Turn

§2:19       License Plate Offenses

§2:19.1      Rear License Plate Light

§2:19.2      Missing Front License Plate

§2:19.3      Clearly Visible and Legible

§2:19.4      Stealth License Plates

§2:20       Seatbelt and Child Restraint Offenses

§2:20.1      The Offense

§2:20.2      Detention for Violation

§2:21       Traffic Signals—Red Lights

§2:21.1      The Statutes

§2:21.2      Automated Enforcement Systems—Red Lights and Rail Crossings

§2:22       Rail Crossings

§2:23       Stop and Yield Signs, Signaling and Left Turns

§2:24       Construction and Maintenance Areas

§2:24.1      Offense Enhancement

§2:24.2      Construction Equipment in Construction Area Exempt from Rules of the Road

§2:25       Tinted Windows

§2:26       Double Fine Zone Pilot Project

§2:27       Off-Highway Vehicles

§2:30     SUSPENDED, REVOKED, or restricted LICENSE—CRIMINAL PROSECUTION

§2:31       Elements of the Suspension/Revocation Offenses

§2:31.1      Reason for Suspension/Revocation

§2:31.2      Veh. C. §14601: Bad Driver Offense

§2:31.3      Veh. C. §14601.1: Catch-All Offense

§2:31.4      Veh. C. §14601.2: Drunk Driving Conviction Offense

§2:31.5      Veh. C. §14601.2: Using Unconstitutional Drunk Driving Conviction

§2:31.6      Veh. C. §14601.3: Habitual Offender Offense

§2:31.7      Veh. C. §14601.4: Drunk Driving/Manslaughter Conviction Offense With Injury

§2:31.8      Veh. C. §14601.5: Stop ‘n Snatch Suspension, Revocation and Restriction

§2:31.9      Veh. C. §14603: Non-Drunk Driving Conviction Restrictions

§2:31.10    Veh. C. §14604: Loaning a Vehicle to a Suspended, Revoked or Unlicensed Driver

§2:31.11    Highway vs. Non-Highway and Private Property

§2:31.12    Extension of Suspension Start Date for Mailed Order

§2:31.13    What Offense After Suspension/Revocation Time Expires?

§2:31.14    Suspension/Revocation Reportable on Driver’s License Record

§2:31.15    The Knowledge Element

§2:32       The Knowledge Element

§2:32.1      Offenses Prior to January 1, 1995

§2:32.2      Offenses On or After January 1, 1995

§2:33       Defenses

§2:33.1      Voluntary Intoxication

§2:33.2      Necessity, Medical Emergency

§2:34       Restrictions and Exceptions Allow Some Driving

§2:34.1      Highway vs. Non-Highway

§2:34.2      Employer’s Vehicle on Employer’s Property

§2:34.3      Lack of Insurance—Mental Exception and Work Restriction

§2:34.4      DMV’s Broad Authority to Issue Restricted Driver’s License

§2:34.5      Motorized Electric Bicycle

§2:35       Punishment

§2:35.1      Punishment Chart for Driving Under Suspension or Revocation

§2:35.2      It’s a Misdemeanor

§2:35.3      Mostly Two-Point Offenses

§2:35.4      Restitution Not Proper

§2:35.5      Veh. C. §23592: Vehicle Impoundment in Criminal Proceeding

§2:35.6      Home Detention Pilot Project

§2:36       Petition for Reinstatement of Revoked License

§2:37       Driving Beyond Scope of Restricted License

§2:40     SUSPENDED OR REVOKED LICENSE—CIVIL IMPOUNDMENT/FORFEITURE

§2:41       Before January 1, 1995

§2:42       30-Day Impound Beginning January 1, 1995

§2:42.1      Veh. C. §14602.6: Statutory Provisions

§2:42.2      Release of Vehicle Without Current Registration

§2:42.3      Innocent Owners, Legal Owners and Rental Agencies

§2:42.4      Due Process Rights

§2:42.5      Knowledge of the Suspension

§2:42.6      Exemption for Child Support Suspension

§2:42.7      Efficacy of Vehicle Impoundment Program as Deterrent

§2:43       Forfeiture Beginning January 1, 1995

§2:43.1      Veh. C. §14607.6: Statutory Provisions

§2:43.2      Release of Vehicle Without Current Registration

§2:43.3      Innocent Owner Defense

§2:43.4      Hearing Time Limits

§2:43.5      Due Process Rights

§2:43.6      Knowledge of the Suspension

§2:43.7      No Exemption for Child Support Suspension

§2:44       Post-Storage Hearing Due Process Rights

§2:44.1      Notice and Opportunity for Post-Storage Hearing

§2:44.2      Right to a Meaningful Post-Storage Hearing

§2:44.3      Remedies for Denial of Due Process

§2:44.4      Judicial Review Following Post-Storage Hearing

§2:45       CHP Vehicle Procedures Manual

§2:46       Innocent Owner Defense

§2:47       Release of Vehicle Without Current Registration

§2:48       Halper Double Punishment Issues

§2:49       Reimbursement of Expenses for DMV Error

§2:50     RECKLESS DRIVING

§2:51       Reckless Driving Without Injury: Veh. C. §23103

§2:51.1      Jury Instruction on Elements—Regressive Evolution

§2:51.2      “Willful or Wanton Disregard”

§2:51.3      “Highway” and “Vehicle”

§2:52       Reckless Driving With Injury: Veh. C. §23104

§2:53       Punishment

§2:53.1      Criminal Case

§2:53.2      DMV Action

§2:53.3      Vehicle Impound in Separate Proceedings

§2:54       In Drunk Driving Case

§2:54.1      Plea Bargain Reduction to Reckless Driving

§2:54.2      Reckless Driving Conviction Not Useable as a Drunk Driving Sentence Enhancement

§2:54.3      Reckless Driving/Speeding Enhancement

§2:54.4      Vehicle Impound in Separate Proceedings

§2:60     DRIVER’S LICENSE OFFENSES

§2:61       Driving Without Being Licensed

§2:61.1      Civil Impoundment and Forfeiture

§2:61.2      Detention for Unlicensed Driving

§2:61.3      Aliens and Immigrants

§2:61.4      Foreign Commercial Driver’s License

§2:61.5      International Driver’s License

§2:61.6      Burden of Proof

§2:61.7      Non-Resident: Jury Instruction

§2:62       Failure to Possess and Failure to Display

§2:63       Loaning a Vehicle to Suspended, Revoked or Unlicensed Driver

§2:64       Fraudulent Driver’s License

§2:70     HIT & RUN: VEH. C. §§16025, 20001 & 20002

§2:71       Duty to Stop and Provide Information

§2:71.1      Veh. C. §16025: Following Any Accident

§2:71.2      Veh. C. §20002: Following Accident Without Injury

§2:71.3      Veh. C. §20001: Following Accident With Injury

§2:71.4      Unconscious Driver

§2:71.5      Driver Not Readily Apparent as Having Been Involved

§2:71.6      Un-Mirandized Admissions Useable by Prosecution

§2:72       “Accident” Equals “Willful”

§2:73       Punishment

§2:73.1      Jail and Fine

§2:73.2      Enhancement for Injury

§2:73.3      No Injury Enhancement Without Proximate Cause

§2:73.4      DMV Action

§2:73.5      Manslaughter Enhancement

§2:73.6      Restitution

§2:73.7      State Bar Discipline

§2:74       Civil Compromise

§2:80     Other Charges

§2:81       Open Container Violations

§2:81.1      Elements of Various Offenses

§2:81.2      Local Government May Not Regulate Possession or Transportation of Alcoholic Beverages

§2:82       Under 21 and Juvenile Alcohol Offense Suspensions

§2:82.1      0.01% Per Se Suspension

§2:82.2      Veh. C. §13202.5: One Year Suspension for Any Alcohol Offense

§2:82.2.1         Validity and Construction

§2:82.2.2         Triggering Alcohol and Drug Offenses

§2:82.2.3         Procedure

§2:82.2.4         Ignition Interlock Device

§2:82.3      30-Day Restriction for Juvenile With Two Points in a Year

§2:82.4      6-Month Suspension and DMV Probation for Juvenile With Three Points in a Year, Plus SR-22 Requirement

§2:83       Child Endangerment

§2:84       Evading a Pursuing Cop

§2:84.1      The Offense

§2:84.2      Punishment

§2:84.3      Vehicle Impound in Separate Proceedings

Chapter 3: Arraignment, Demurrer, Plea and Pretrial

§3:10     SPEEDY TRIAL RIGHTS; CONTINUANCE

§3:11       Statutory Speedy Trial Rights

§3:11.1   Trial Within 30 or 45 Days

§3:11.2   30- or 45-Day Period; Effect of Waiving

§3:11.3   Routine Waiver; Exceptions

§3:11.4   Full Advice Required Without Counsel

§3:11.5   10 Days More After 30 or 45; Effect of Waiving

§3:11.6   Continuance for “Good Cause”

§3:11.7   Continuance for Calendar Conflict

§3:11.8   Right to Continuous Trial

§3:11.9   Failure to Appear

§3:11.10  Review of Denial of Right

§3:12       Constitutional Speedy Trial Rights

§3:20     ARRAIGNMENT

§3:21       Change of Venue

§3:22       Failure to Appear, Bail, O.R. and Conditions

§3:22.1   Failure to Appear and the Right to Appear Through Counsel

§3:22.2   Bail and O.R. Release, Conditions

§3:23       Police Report at Arraignment

§3:24       Proceedings After Mistrial and Split Verdict

§3:25       Judge May Order Booking

§3:26       Court May Not Require DA at Arraignment

§3:27       Commissioner May Conduct Arraignment

§3:30     DEMURRER AND PLEA

§3:31       Procedure for Demurrer

§3:32       Prosecution on Notice to Appear

§3:33       Complaint Within 25 Days of Citation

§3:34       Amended Complaint

§3:34.1   To Add a Subdivision (b) Charge

§3:34.2   To Add a Prior Conviction Enhancement Allegation

§3:35       Civil Injunctive Relief

§3:36       Double Jeopardy Attack

§3:36.1   On Veh. C. §23152(b) Charge

§3:36.2   Supporting Offense in Injury Case

§3:37       Mandatory Presumptions Attack on Veh. C. §23152(b)

§3:37.1   Presumptions in Criminal Cases

§3:37.2   Presumptions Only Permissive in California DUI Offenses

§3:38       Veh. C. §23577: Chemical Test Refusal Enhancement Allegation Demurrer

§3:39       Enhancement Allegation for Prior Conviction of a Separate Offense

§3:40       Juvenile Drunk Driving

§3:41       Allegation of “Forbidden Act and Neglected Duty”

§3:42       Allegation That Current Charge is a Serious Felony

§3:43       Two-Dismissal Rule for Felonies

§3:44       Lack of Territorial Jurisdiction Causing Immunity from Prosecution

§3:44.1      Federal Military Bases

§3:44.2      Federal Prosecution Not Permitted for Some California Offenses

§3:44.3      Prior Federal or Other State Prosecution

§3:44.4      Crimes in “Indian Country”

§3:44.5      California Prosecution for Crime on Federal Property

§3:44.6      Conflict With Federal Law

§3:44.7      Jurisdiction for Arrest

§3:45       Other Immunity from Prosecution

§3:45.1      California Emergency Services Act

§3:45.2      Diplomatic Immunity

§3:50     PRETRIAL CONFERENCE, PLEA BARGAINING

§3:51       Evaluating the Client’s Case

§3:52       0.08% Per Se Acquittal Stops Stop ‘n Snatch Suspension

§3:53       Defendant’s Plea Bargain Statements

§3:54       Prosecution Withdrawal of Plea Bargain Offer

§3:55       Diversion

§3:55.1      Diversion on Drunk Driving Charges

§3:55.2      Diversion on Accompanying Felony Drug Charges

§3:56       Prohibited Procedures

§3:56.1      Defendant’s Personal Presence; Plea in Abstentia

§3:56.2      Judge Can’t Read Police or Probation Report Without Permission

§3:56.3      No Inquiry About Uncharged Convictions and Pending Charges

§3:56.4      Threat of Extra Punishment for Not Pleading Guilty

§3:56.5      Prosecutorial Vindictiveness: Adding Charges After Refusal to Plead Guilty

§3:56.6      No Jurisdiction Over Probation in Another Court

§3:57       Prohibited and Disfavored Probation Terms

§3:58       Plea Bargaining With Judge Alone

§3:59       Charges Reduced/Changed; Priors Dropped

§3:59.1      Veh. C. §23103: “Wet” & “Dry” Reckless

§3:59.2      Striking Prior Conviction Sentence Enhancement Allegations

§3:59.3      Attempted Drunk Driving

§3:59.4      Further Reductions and Dismissals

§3:60     Handling Multiple Pending Cases

§3:61       Veh. C. §23550: Fourth Offense

§3:62       Immigrants, Aliens and Non-Citizens

§3:63       Enforcing Plea Bargain Agreement

§3:64       Three-Strikes Plea Bargaining

§3:65       Substance Abuse Testing

§3:66       Plea Bargaining When Plea Bargaining Is Prohibited

§3:70     LAW AND MOTION

§3:71       Local Rules

§3:71.1      Validity of Local Rules

§3:71.2      Notice of Motion in Criminal Case

§3:72       Sanctions

§3:73       Broad Inherent Power to Reconsider Rulings

Chapter 4: Prior Convictions of Separate Offenses

§4:10     MOTION TO DECLARE PRIOR CONVICTION UNCONSTITUTIONAL

§4:11       Prosecutors Had Mistakenly Claimed Motion Not Allowed

§4:12       General Information

§4:12.1      Legal Framework

§4:12.2      Michael Ogul on Prior Convictions

§4:12.3      Veh. C. §23624: General Rule—One Challenge Per Conviction

§4:12.4      Veh. C. §41403: Procedure for Motion to Strike Unconstitutional Conviction

§4:12.5      Burden of Proof on Defendant

§4:12.6      Some Courts Are Known for Strikeable Convictions

§4:12.7      Consider Pros and Cons

§4:12.8      Not a Trial Motion

§4:12.9      Uncharged Convictions

§4:12.10    Three-Strikes Prior Convictions

§4:12.11    Constitutionality of Out-of-State Convictions

§4:13       The Record

§4:13.1      Getting the Record From the Rendering Court

§4:13.2      Checking the Record

§4:14       Allegation in Support

§4:14.1      Serve Five Days Before Hearing

§4:14.2      No Advice, Knowledge or Waiver

§4:14.3      Silent Record Can Show Lack of Actual Waiver

§4:14.4      Prejudice

§4:14.5      Client’s Recollection and Testimony

§4:14.6      Defendant’s Declaration Not Required

§4:14.7      Form for Allegation in Support

§4:14.8      Form for Alternative Allegation in Support

§4:15       Notice; General Points and Authorities

§4:15.1      No Advice, Knowledge or Waiver of Constitutional Rights

§4:15.2      No Verbatim Record

§4:15.3      No Inquiry and Finding That Rights Waiver Was Knowing, Voluntary and Intelligent

§4:15.4      Constitutional Invalidity Order

§4:16       Other Possible Grounds for Motion

§4:16.1      Judge’s Conflict of Interest

§4:16.2      Failure to Advise of Consequences: Future Use, Punishment and Suspension/Revocation

§4:16.3      Right to Testify and Present Evidence

§4:16.4      Plea and Sentence Involving Commissioner or Pro-Tem Judge

§4:16.5      Involuntary Plea Induced by Illegal Threats

§4:16.6      Ineffective Assistance of Counsel; Unlicensed Counsel

§4:16.7      Denial of Interpreter

§4:16.8      Advice to Aliens

§4:16.9      Double Jeopardy Violations

§4:16.10    Advice of Dangers and Disadvantages of Self-Representation

§4:16.11    Miscellaneous Issues

§4:17       Challenge to Grant or Denial of Motion

§4:17.1      By Defendant

§4:17.2      By Prosecution

§4:20     PRIOR CONVICTION SENTENCE ENHANCEMENT LAW IN GENERAL

§4:21       Right to Jury or Court Trial

§4:22       Erroneous DMV Record of Prior Conviction

§4:23       Ten Years or Less Between Offense Dates

§4:23.1      Measured From Offense Date to Offense Date

§4:23.2      Prior Convictions and Separate Offenses

§4:23.3      What’s a “Year?”

§4:24       What Can Be Alleged as a Prior Conviction Sentence Enhancement?

§4:24.1      Offense Within Ten Years of Current Offense

§4:24.2      Juvenile “Conviction” (Adjudication)

§4:24.3      Federal Conviction

§4:24.4      Reckless Driving Conviction

§4:24.5      Uncounseled Conviction Alleged to Make Current Offense a Felony

§4:24.6      Drunk Boating Conviction

§4:24.7      Uncharged Convictions and Pending Charges

§4:24.8      Expungement Charges Dismissed Under Pen. C. §§1203.4 and 1203.4(a)

§4:24.9      Constitutionality Previously Determined

§4:24.10    Truth Previously Determined

§4:24.11    Conviction for Offense Which Occurred After Current Offense

§4:24.12    Out-of-State Conviction

§4:25       Future Use of Conviction for Enhancement

§4:25.1      Need Not Advise at Time of Guilty Plea

§4:25.2      Increase in Enhancement Severity

§4:25.3      Decrease in Penalty

§4:25.4      To Enhance Punishment for Earlier Offense

§4:26       Proof of Prior Conviction at Preliminary Examination

§4:30     MOTION TO VACATE JUDGMENT; WRIT OF ERROR CORAM NOBIS

Chapter 5: Discovery

§5:10     PROPOSITION 115

§5:11       Constitutionality and Applicability

§5:12       Other Statutory Discovery Schemes Remain

§5:20     DIRECT DISCOVERY FROM LAW ENFORCEMENT

§5:21       CHP Publications

§5:22       Getting the Police Report

§5:22.1      Prior to Client Retaining You

§5:22.2      After Being Retained

§5:22.3      Obtaining Traffic Collision Reports in DUI Accident Cases

§5:23       Criminal History Record Information (Rap Sheets)

§5:23.1      State Criminal History Records to Defense Attorneys

§5:23.2      Local Criminal History Records to Defense Attorneys

§5:23.3      CHP Criminal History Records to Defense Attorneys

§5:23.4      State and Local Criminal History Records to Individuals

§5:23.5      FBI Criminal History Records to Individuals

§5:23.6      Expungement of Criminal History Record Information

§5:23.7      Rap Sheets on Cops

§5:24       Form 5-2: Jury Instruction—Biased Cop Refused to Discuss Case With Defense Attorney

§5:30     GENERAL DISCOVERY PROVISIONS

§5:31       Informal Request Starts 15-Day Deadline Running

§5:32       Separate 30-Day Deadline Prior to Trial

§5:33       Identification Required When Interviewing Witnesses

§5:40     DISCOVERY FROM THE DEFENSE

§5:41       Applicability; Constitutionality

§5:42       An Unsettled Area of Law

§5:43       Don’t Be Overly Cooperative

§5:44       What Need Not Be Provided to Prosecution

§5:44.1      Defense Files

§5:44.2      Almost No Statements of the Defendant

§5:44.3      No Discovery of Prosecution Witnesses’ Statements

§5:44.4      Nothing Additional from Attorney

§5:44.5      No Core Work Product

§5:44.6      Information Not in Defendant’s Possession

§5:45       What Must Be Provided

§5:45.1      Duty to Obtain Discoverable Information

§5:45.2      What Pen. C. §1054.3 Requires

§5:45.3      “Intends to Call as Witnesses at Trial”

§5:45.4      Written and Oral Statements Must Be Disclosed; Manner of Disclosure

§5:45.5      Discovery from Defense Experts

§5:45.6      Nontestimonial Evidence

§5:46       In-Camera Hearing

§5:50     DISCOVERY FROM THE PROSECUTION

§5:51       Be Highly Skeptical

§5:52       What Need Not Be Provided

§5:52.1      Witnesses that Won’t Be Called

§5:52.2      Evidence Not in Prosecutor’s Possession

§5:52.3      Good Cause to Deny Victim and Witness Information

§5:52.4      Restrictions on Defense Disclosure of Victim and Witness Information

§5:52.5      Privileges and Exemptions; In-Camera Hearing

§5:52.6      No Due Process Right to Inculpatory Evidence

§5:53       What Must Be Provided

§5:53.1      Duty to Obtain Discoverable Information

§5:53.2      What Pen. C. §1054.1 Requires

§5:53.3      Peace Officer’s Legal Sourcebook Corrected

§5:53.4      “Favorable” Material

§5:53.5      Discovery from Prosecution Experts

§5:53.6      Rebuttal Witnesses

§5:54       Discovery Denial Remedies and Review

§5:54.1      Civil Rights Action

§5:54.2      Appellate Review

§5:55       Conditional Witness Examination

§5:60     INFORMAL DISCOVERY REQUEST; MOTION FOR COMPLIANCE; SANCTIONS

§5:61       Form 5-3: Informal Request for Discovery from Prosecution

§5:62       Form 5-4: Motion for Discovery Compliance

§5:63       Sanctions for Non-Compliance

§5:63.1      Statutory Provisions

§5:63.2      DA Office Recusal

§5:63.3      Pretrial Motion Not Needed for Exclusion at Trial

§5:63.4      Exclusion of Witnesses and Evidence

§5:63.5      Continuance

§5:70     CHEMICAL TEST DISCOVERY

§5:71       Reports of Laboratory Deficiencies

§5:71.1      Ventura County Crime Lab Conceals Loss of Title 17 License

§5:71.2      Ventura County Crime Lab Conceals Conflicting Breath Test Printouts

§5:71.3      Blood Drawn by Non-Qualified Personnel

§5:71.4      State Auditor Report on Deficiencies in 19 Local Labs

§5:71.5      Unlicensed Lab Work Yields 4,700 DMV Suspensions Set Aside

§5:71.6      State DOJ Crime Labs Spill Their Guts for Increased Funding

§5:71.7      Valley Toxicology Loses License

§5:71.8      Mystery Layoffs in City of Alameda

§5:71.9      Ventura County Crime Lab Fails to Train 35 Cops on New Intoxilyzer

§5:71.10    Arizona Intoxilyzer 5000 Discovery Scandal

§5:72       Discovery of Copyrighted Documents

§5:73       Blood and Urine Records

§5:73.1      Form 5-5: Documents Request

§5:73.2      Form 5-6: Blood/Urine Retest Sample Request Letter

§5:74       Breath Test Records

§5:74.1      Conforming Products List

§5:74.2      Manufacturer’s Litigation Opens Doors

§5:74.3      Arizona Intoxilyzer 5000 Discovery Scandal

§5:74.4      Form 5-7: Documents Request

§5:74.5      Breath Retest Request

§5:75       Form 5-8: Letter for Chemical Test Documents

§5:76       Form 5-9: Itemized Request for Discovery Items

§5:80     DISCOVERY BY SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM

§5:81       Challenges to Use for Discovery

§5:81.1      Exempt From Proposition 115

§5:81.2      Not Just a Trial Right

§5:82       When to Use a Subpoena Duces Tecum

§5:83       Procedure for Subpoena Duces Tecum

§5:84       Practice Tips for Using a Subpoena Duces Tecum