| California Objections |
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Chapter 1 Objections, Motions and Related Procedures Chapter 2 Jury Selection Chapter 3 Jury Conduct and Management Chapter 4 Order of Proceedings Chapter 5 Opening Statement Chapter 6 Witness Competence Chapter 7 Witness Examination Chapter 8 Relevance and Prejudice Chapter 9 Hearsay Chapter 10 Privileges and Public Policy Exclusions Chapter 11 Character and Habit Chapter 12 All Physical Evidence Chapter 13 Photographs, Recordings and X-Rays Chapter 14 Documents Chapter 15 Parol Evidence Chapter 16 Demonstrative Evidence Chapter 17 Expert Witnesses Chapter 18 Alternative Methods of Proof Chapter 19 Disqualification of Judges and Judicial Conduct Chapter 20 Attorney Conduct Chapter 21 Closing Argument Chapter 22 Submission to Jury and Deliberations |
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Table of Contents Chapter 1 Objections, Motions and Related Procedures I. Introduction §1:10 Applicable Rules §1:20 Overview II. Making Objections A. Principles §1:30 Purpose of Objections §1:40 Exclusion of Improper Evidence §1:50 Preserving Issue for Appeal §1:60 Appellate Discretion to Review §1:70 Invited Error §1:80 Prejudicial vs. Harmless Error B. Procedure 1. In General §1:90 Pretrial Preparation §1:100 When to Object 2. Objections During Trial §1:110 When Not to Object §1:120 Make Objection Timely §1:130 State Basis for Objection §1:140 Request Jury Admonition §1:150 Need for Further Objections §1:160 Limiting Instructions §1:170 Objecting in Bench Trials §1:180 Objecting to Questions or Comment of Counsel §1:190 Objecting to Questions or Comment of Court §1:200 Objecting to Documents §1:210 Objecting to Opening Statement or Closing Argument §1:220 Objecting to Jury Instructions 3. Responding to Sustained Objection §1:230 Generally §1:240 Offer of Proof III. In Limine Motions §1:250 Purpose §1:260 Advantages and Disadvantages §1:270 Civil Cases §1:280 Criminal Cases §1:290 Procedure §1:300 Ruling §1:310 Review §1:320 Need for Further Objection §1:330 Violation of Order §1:340 Tactics in Making Motion §1:350 Response to Motion IV. Motion to Strike §1:360 Purpose §1:370 Procedure V. Motion for Mistrial §1:380 Purpose §1:390 Advantages and Disadvantages §1:400 Procedure §1:410 Double Jeopardy Chapter 2 Jury Selection I. Right to Jury Trial §2:10 General Objection §2:20 Objection: Party Has Waived Right to Jury Trial §2:30 Review of Ruling §2:40 Advisory Jury §2:50 Number of Jurors and Alternates II. Right to Impartial Jury §2:60 In General §2:70 Objection: Jury Panel Not Drawn From Representative Cross-Section of Community III. Disqualification and Exemption from Jury Service §2:80 Objection: Juror Is Not Eligible for Service or Disabled Juror Has Not Been Accommodated §2:90 Objection: Juror Should Not Be Excused for Hardship IV. Voir Dire of Prospective Jurors §2:100 Seating Prospective Jurors §2:110 Voir Dire by Court §2:120 Objection: Court Has Imposed Unreasonable Restrictions on Voir Dire by Counsel §2:130 Objection: Improper Voir Dire by Counsel V. Challenges for Cause §2:140 In General §2:150 Challenge to Panel §2:160 Objection: Improper Challenge to Individual Juror VI. Peremptory Challenges §2:170 In General §2:180 Order and Number of Challenges §2:190 Objection: Unconstitutional Exercise of Peremptory Challenges Chapter 3 Jury Conduct and Management I. Principles §3:10 Admonishments and Instructions §3:20 Alternate Jurors §3:30 Juror Notetaking §3:40 Questioning by Jurors §3:50 Discharge of Jurors §3:60 Challenging Juror Misconduct During Trial §3:70 Challenging Juror Misconduct After Verdict II. Objections §3:80 Concealing Bias During Voir Dire §3:90 Discussing Case §3:100 Inattentiveness §3:110 Receiving Information Outside of Court Chapter 4 Order of Proceedings I. Order of Proceedings §4:10 Civil Cases §4:20 Criminal Cases II. Motion for Bifurcation or Separate Trials §4:30 Objection §4:40 Time Limits §4:50 Separate Juries or Judge §4:60 Legal and Equitable Issues §4:70 Special Defenses §4:80 Punitive Damages §4:90 Appointment of Referee §4:100 Criminal Cases III. Motion to Reopen §4:110 Objection §4:120 After Opening Statement §4:130 After Plaintiff Rests §4:140 After All Parties Rest §4:150 After Submission to Trier of Fact IV. Rebuttal Evidence §4:160 Improper Rebuttal Chapter 5 Opening Statement I. Principles §5:10 Purpose §5:20 Right to Make Opening §5:30 Recording Opening §5:40 Avoiding Objections §5:50 Objecting to Opponent’s Opening §5:60 Motions for Nonsuit or Directed Verdict §5:70 Using Exhibits and Demonstrative Evidence II. Objections §5:80 Arguing Case §5:90 Reference to Inadmissible Evidence §5:100 Inflammatory Statements; Personal Attacks; Injection of Self Chapter 6 Witness Competence I. Principles A. General Points §6:10 Definitions and Presumptions §6:20 Personal Knowledge Distinguished §6:30 Requirement of Oath §6:40 Impeachment Distinguished §6:50 Privilege Distinguished §6:60 Physical Impairment or Inability to Speak English Distinguished §6:70 Person as Exhibit Distinguished §6:80 Hearsay Distinguished B. Procedure §6:90 Raising and Determining Competency §6:100 In Limine Motions and Voir Dire Hearing §6:110 Effect of Competency Determination II. Objections §6:120 Oath or Affirmation Not Given §6:130 Youth §6:140 Mental Impairment §6:150 Lack of Personal Knowledge §6:160 Drug-Induced or Hypnotically Refreshed Testimony §6:170 Judge, Juror or Attorney as Witnesses Chapter 7 Witness Examination I. Principles §7:01 Compelling Attendance of Witnesses §7:10 Manner of Examination §7:20 Order of Examination §7:30 Adverse or Hostile Witnesses §7:40 Direct Examination §7:50 Cross-Examination §7:60 Redirect and Recross §7:70 Attacking and Supporting Credibility §7:80 Refreshing Recollection §7:90 Examination by Judge §7:100 Excluding Witnesses From Courtroom §7:110 Recalling Witnesses II. Objections §7:120 Improper Leading Question §7:130 Calls for Narrative Response §7:140 Argumentative §7:150 Beyond Scope of Prior Testimony §7:160 Asked and Answered §7:170 Assumes Facts Not in Evidence §7:180 Answer Is Nonresponsive §7:190 Ambiguous, Confusing or Vague Question §7:200 Compound Question Chapter 8 Relevance and Prejudice §8:10 Irrelevant Evidence §8:20 Proof of Preliminary Facts to Establish Relevance §8:30 Relevant Evidence Is Prejudicial, Time Consuming or Likely to Confuse or Mislead Jury Chapter 9 Hearsay I. Principles A. Hearsay Rule §9:10 Definition and Purpose §9:20 Admissibility §9:30 Non-Hearsay Distinguished §9:40 Effect of Hearsay Admitted Without Objection B. Exceptions §9:50 Overview §9:60 Availability of Declarant §9:70 No Wild Card Exception II. Objections A. General Objections §9:80 Hearsay §9:90 Hearsay Within Hearsay B. Hearsay Exceptions §9:100 Admissions [Evid. Code §§1220-1228.1] §9:110 Declaration Against Interest [Evid. Code §1230] §9:120 Prior Statements of Witness [Evid. Code §§1235-1238] §9:130 Spontaneous, Contemporaneous and Dying Declarations [Evid. Code §§1240-1242] §9:140 Statements of Mental or Physical State [Evid. Code §§1250-1252] §9:150 Business Records [Evid. Code §§1270-1272] §9:160 Official Records [Evid. Code §§1280-1284] §9:170 Former Testimony [Evid. Code §§1290-1294] §9:180 Judgments [Evid. Code §§1300-1302] §9:190 Miscellaneous Objections Chapter 10 Privileges and Public Policy Exclusions I. Principles §10:10 In General §10:20 Recognized Privileges §10:30 Establishing Privilege §10:40 Effect of Establishing Privilege §10:50 Waiver II. Objections A. Privileges §10:60 Self-Incrimination §10:70 Attorney-Client §10:80 Attorney Work Product §10:90 Physician-Patient §10:100 Psychotherapist-Patient §10:110 Privilege Not to Testify Against Spouse §10:120 Confidential Marital Communications §10:130 Clergy-Penitent §10:140 Sexual Assault Victim-Counselor §10:150 Domestic Violence Victim-Counselor §10:160 Official Information and Informant Identity §10:170 Other Privileges B. Public Policy Exclusions §10:180 Insurance Coverage and Collateral Source Payments §10:190 Settlement Negotiations and Expressions of Sympathy §10:200 Subsequent Repairs Chapter 11 Character and Habit §11:10 Character or Reputation §11:20 Habit or Custom Chapter 12 All Physical Evidence I. Principles §12:10 Definition and Scope §12:20 Demonstrative Evidence Distinguished §12:30 Persuasion and Prejudice §12:40 Handling Exhibits §12:50 Inspection by Jury §12:60 Use During Opening Statement §12:70 Foundation Requirements II. Objections §12:80 Lack of Foundation §12:90 Exhibition of the Person §12:100 Jury View of Premises or Scene of Incident Chapter 13 Photographs, Recordings and X-Rays I. Principles §13:10 Applicable Rules §13:20 Demonstrative Evidence Distinguished II. Objections §13:30 Photographs and X-Rays §13:40 Videotapes and Motion Pictures §13:50 Sound Recordings Chapter 14 Documents I. Principles §14:10 Rules and Admissibility II. Objections §14:20 Authentication §14:30 Secondary Evidence §14:40 Public and Business Documents and Records §14:50 Documents Concealed During Discovery Chapter 15 Parol Evidence §15:10 Parol Evidence Chapter 16 Demonstrative Evidence I. Principles §16:10 Definition and Purpose §16:20 Trial Court Discretion §16:30 Foundation Requirements §16:40 Introducing Demonstrative Evidence §16:50 Proponent’s Considerations §16:60 Opponent’s Considerations §16:70 Use in Opening Statement §16:80 Use in Closing Argument II. Objections §16:90 Charts, Diagrams, Graphs or Maps §16:100 Models and Illustrative Objects §16:110 Demonstrations, Simulations, Recreations, or Experiments Chapter 17 Expert Witnesses I. Principles A. General Points §17:10 Definition and Distinctions §17:20 Standards Governing Admissibility §17:30 Qualification as Expert §17:40 Basis of Expert Testimony §17:50 Weight Accorded Expert Testimony §17:60 Subject of Expert Testimony B. Procedure §17:70 Disclosure Requirements §17:80 Compelling Expert Testimony §17:90 Objecting to Expert Testimony §17:100 Examining Expert Witness at Trial II. Objections §17:110 Lack of Qualifications §17:120 Province of Court and Jury §17:130 Inappropriate Hypothetical Question §17:140 Scientific Evidence §17:150 Lay Opinion Chapter 18 Alternative Methods of Proof I. Principles §18:10 Scope of Coverage II. Objections §18:20 Taking Judicial Notice Is Improper §18:30 Applying Presumption Is Improper §18:40 Testimony Inconsistent With Admissions §18:50 Testimony Inconsistent With Stipulation Chapter 19 Disqualification of Judges and Judicial Conduct I. Disqualification A. Disqualification for Cause §19:10 In General §19:20 Grounds for Disqualification §19:30 Waiver §19:40 Procedure §19:50 Effect of Disqualification §19:60 Review B. Disqualification by Peremptory Challenge §19:70 In General §19:80 When Available §19:90 Number of Challenges §19:100 Procedure Form 19-1 Peremptory Challenge §19:110 Time Limits §19:120 Review II. Objections §19:130 Court’s Comments on the Evidence §19:140 Conduct or Comments Showing Bias or Prejudice §19:150 Disparaging Counsel §19:160 Examining Witnesses Chapter 20 Attorney Conduct I. Principles §20:10 Definition and Rules §20:20 Court Authority and Sanctions II. Objections §20:30 Arguing Objections in Jury’s Presence §20:40 Failure to Comply With Ruling or Order §20:50 Attacking Counsel, Party or Witness; Improper Comment §20:60 Presenting Material Not in Evidence §20:70 Concealing or Destroying Evidence §20:80 Conflict of Interest Chapter 21 Closing Argument I. Principles §21:10 Definition and Purpose §21:20 Order §21:30 Scope §21:40 Procedure for Objecting During Closing §21:50 Recording Closing Argument §21:60 Remedies for Misconduct II. Objections §21:70 Matters Not in Evidence §21:80 Demonstrative Materials Not in Evidence §21:90 Commenting on Failure to Testify or Produce Evidence §21:100 Injecting Self or Personal Belief; Vouching for Witness Credibility §21:110 Misstating the Law §21:120 Personal Attacks §21:130 Racial, Ethnic, or Religious Comments §21:140 Financial or Personal Circumstances §21:150 Personal Appeal to Jurors Chapter 22 Submission to Jury and Deliberations I. Jury Instructions A. Principles §22:10 Court’s Obligation to Instruct on the Law §22:20 Propound and Serve Proposed Jury Instructions §22:30 Instructing the Jury B. Objections §22:40 Improper Form or Untimely Submission §22:50 Incorrect Statement of the Law §22:60 Argumentative or Repetitious II. Deliberations A. Principles §22:70 Jury Management §22:80 Items Permitted in Jury Room §22:90 Jury Questions and Requests §22:100 Discharge of Juror B. Objections §22:110 Improper Communications Between Court and Jury §22:120 Improper Response to Request for Evidence §22:130 Improper Response to Request for Instructions §22:140 Coercion of Deadlocked Jury §22:150 Juror’s Failure to Follow Instructions §22:160 Juror’s Inability or Refusal to Deliberate §22:170 Consideration of Information From Outside of Court §22:180 Improper Experiments by Jury III. Verdicts A. Principles §22:190 General Verdict §22:200 Special Verdict §22:210 Return of Verdict B. Objections §22:220 Improper Form or Untimely Submission of Proposed Special Findings §22:230 Defective Verdict §22:240 Improper Polling of Jurors Table of Cases Table of Statutes, Rules Index
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