Age Discrimination Litigation

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From May 2002

Abbreviated Contents

1. The Law

Who Is Covered?
Acts Prohibited
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Employer Retaliation
Employer Defenses
Recent Developments

2. Client Intake and Investigation of Claims

Initial Client Interview
Retainer Agreements

3. Administrative Prerequisites to Filing Suit

Filing Charge:
Charge-filing Deadlines
Starting Point of Filing Period
Actions After Clock Starts
Form and Contents of Charge
Filing Charge

Dealing with EEOC: Charge Prioritization System of EEOC
EEOC’s Enforcement Plans
Initial Charge Processing
Charge Determinations by EEOC
Prerequisites to Filing Lawsuit
Checklists

4. Discovery

Proving a Prima Facie Case
Pretext

Document Requests:
Plaintiff’s Checklist
Defendant’s Checklist
6 Requests for Production of Documents

Interrogatories:
Generally
Plaintiff’s Approach
Plaintiff’s Checklist
Expert Witness Checklist
Defendant’s Checklist
Interrogatories – Termination of Employee
Interrogatories – Failure to Hire
Interrogatories – Failure to Promote
Interrogatories – Demotion/ Termination
Interrogatories – To Defendant’s Experts
Plaintiff’s Answers to Defendant’s Interrogatories – Termination/ Retaliation – Intentional and Reckless
Interrogatories – State Human Rights Commission – Demotion/ Failure to Promote
Interrogatories – Termination – Discriminatory Comments – State Human Rights Commission

Requests to Admit:
Plaintiff Checklist
Plaintiff’s Requests for Admissions

Depositions:
Objective of Deposition
Who to Depose
Plaintiff’s Pre-deposition Checklist
Plaintiff’s Deposition Preparation

Expert Witnesses:
Statistical
Damages
Vocational
Psychotherapists

5. Proving Age Discrimination

Disparate Treatment:
ADEA Prohibitions
"Employer" Defined
Burden of Persuasion
Protected Class
Disparate Treatment vs. Disparate Impact
Types of Direct Evidence

McDonnell Douglas:
Indirect Proof Method
Prima Facie Case
Employer’s Rebuttal
Pretext
Alternatives to McDonnell Douglas
How Price Waterhouse Mixed Motive Analysis is Being Applied to Age Cases
Types of Evidence

Disparate Impact:
Hazen Paper vs. Biggins
Status of Theory in the Circuits
Using Disparate Impact Model in Disparate Treatment Cases

Statistical Evidence: Age-break Analysis in Disparate Impact Cases
Non-parametric Tests
Regression Analysis
Disparate Impact Cases

6. Remedies Available Under ADEA

Equitable Remedies:
Injunctions
Reinstatement
Front Pay

Legal Remedies:
Backpay
Liquidated Damages
Compensatory Damages
Punitive Damages
Interest
Costs

7. Summary Judgment

Procedural Principles:
Standards
Rules
Timing of Motion
Minimum Time and Notice for Plaintiff’s Response
Insist on Discovery Crucial to Opposing Motion
Materials Supporting Opposition
Plaintiff Strategies

Methods of Proof and Summary Judgment:
Overview of Methods of Proving Age Discrimination
Plaintiff’s Burden to Make Prima Facie Case
Prima Facie Analysis in RIF Cases
Alternative Methods of Establishing Prima Facie Case

Presenting Sufficient Pretext Evidence:
Plaintiff’s Objectives
Circuit-by-circuit Legal Standards
Challenging Veracity of Employer’s Reasons
Discriminatory Comments
Comparable Qualifications
Statistical Evidence
Same Bad Actor
Challenging Same Actor Inference

8. How Your Opponent May Try to Limit Your Evidence

Excluding Expert Testimony
Excluding Testimony of Age-related Statements
Damages Issues
Other Motions in Limine

9. Using Experts

Choosing Experts
Expert Depositions
Experts at Trial
Legal Issues

10. Trial

Strategies:
Motions in Limine
Using Expert Witnesses
Avoiding Expert Witness Challenges Before Trial
Using Expert Testimony on Statistics

Proving Damages:
ADEA Damages Limits
Evaluating Damages
Proving Backpay
Proof Issues Concerning Reinstatement
Proving Front Pay
Proving Willfulness

Juries:
Mock Juries
Juror Questionnaires
Dealing with Juror Biases
Plaintiff’s Proposed Voir Dire

Jury Instructions:
Age Discrimination
Special Interrogatories
Retaliation
Harassment
Damages
Verdict Forms

11. Representing Multiple Plaintiffs

Advantages and Disadvantages
Identifying Potential Plaintiffs
Cases Combining ADEA and Other Claims
ADEA Statutory Requirements for Representative or Collective Actions
Administrative Process
Complaint
Dealing with Companion Litigation by EEOC
Notice and Opt-in Procedure
Authorization of Representation or "Certification" of Class
Discovery in ADEA Representative or Collective Actions
Proving Discrimination in an ADEA Class Action
Forms

12. Settlements

Settlements Under Civil Rights Statutes Generally:
Waivers Must be "Knowing and Voluntary" Prospective Waivers – Invalid
Class Action Settlements – Who is Covered?
Waivers Prohibiting Cooperation with Other Employees Who Have Charges

Settlements Under ADEA:
OWBPA Regulations
          "Voluntary" Participation in Exit Program
          Cost Justification for Differing Employee Benefits
          Severance and Disability Offsets
          EEOC Requirement
          OWPA Requirements
Tender Back Rules

What to Look for in Settlement Agreements:
Type and Scope of Release
Entitlement to Benefits
References
Tax Aspects of Settlements
Forms

13. Age Discrimination in Employee Benefits

Equal Benefit or Equal Cost Standard of Proof
Early Retirement Benefits
Pension Benefits
Severance Benefits Under OWBPA
Disability Benefits
Health Benefits
Procedural Issues in Discriminatory Benefits Plans
ERISA

14. Work Force Restructuring, Downsizing, and Reductions in Force

Determine Whether Facts Present RIF Case
Identify Claims to Raise
Examine RIF Process for Discrimination Evidence
File Timely Charge of Discrimination
Proving Age Discrimination in a RIF
Consider Employer’s Burden of Production
Proving Pretext in RIF Cases
Review Available Remedies
Appendix

15. Attorney’s Fees and Costs

Parties Entitled to Fees Under ADEA
Calculating Fees
Determining Reasonable Hourly Rates
Compensable Activities
Reasonableness of Hours Expended
Relationship Between Damages Awarded and Fees Sought
Adjustments to Lodestar
Interest on Fee Award
Taxation of Attorney’s Fees
Guidelines for Seeking and Recovering Fees
Preserving Fees When EEOC Involved in Litigation
Checklist for Fee Petition
Forms


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